Decolorization applicability of sol–gel matrix immobilized manganese peroxidase produced from an indigenous white rot fungal strain Ganoderma lucidum

Abstract

BackgroundAn eco-friendly treatment of industrial effluents is a major environmental concern of the modern world in the face of stringent environmental legislations. By keeping in mind the extensive industrial applications of ligninolytic enzymes, this study was performed to purify, and immobilize the manganese peroxidase (MnP) produced from an indigenous strain of Ganoderma lucidum. The present study was also focused on investigating the capability of immobilized MnP for decolorization of dye containing textile effluents.ResultsA large magnitude of an indigenous MnP (882±13.3 U/mL) was obtained from white rot fungal strain G. lucidum in solid state bio-processing of wheat straw under optimized fermentation conditions (moisture, 50%; substrate, 5 g; pH, 5.5; temperature, 30°C; carbon source, 2% fructose; nitrogen source, 0.02% yeast extract; C: N ratio, 25:1; fungal spore suspension, 5 mL and fermentation time period, 4 days). After ammonium sulfate fractionation and Sephadex-G-100 gel filtration chromatography, MnP was 4.7-fold purified with specific activity of 892.9 U/mg. G. lucidum MnP was monomeric protein as evident by single band corresponding to 48 kDa on native and denaturing SDS-PAGE. The purified MnP (2 mg/mL) was immobilized using a sol–gel matrix of tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and proplytrimethoxysilane (PTMS). The oxidation of MnSO4 for up to 10 uninterrupted cycles demonstrated the stability and reusability of the immobilized MnP. Shelf life profile revealed that enzyme may be stored for up to 60 days at 25°C without losing much of its activity. To explore the industrial applicability of MnP produced by G. lucidum, the immobilized MnP was tested against different textile effluents. After 4 h reaction time, the industrial effluents were decolorized to different extents (with a maximum of 99.2%). The maximally decolorized effluent was analyzed for formaldehyde and nitroamines and results showed that the toxicity parameters were below the permissible limits.ConclusionsIn conclusion, G. lucidum MnP was immobilized by sol–gel matrix entrapment with an objective to enhance its practical efficiencies. The MnP was successfully entrapped into a sol- gel matrix of TMOS and PTMS with an overall immobilization efficiency of 93.7%. The sol- gel entrapped MnP seems to have prospective capabilities which can be useful for industrial purposes, especially for bioremediation of industrial effluents.

Characterization of a Solvent-Tolerant Manganese Peroxidase (MnP) from G anoderma Lucidum and Its Application in Fruit Juice Clarification

“…). However, Muhammad Nasir Iqbal and Asgher () reported a higher amount of MnP production (882 ± 13.3 U/mL) by G. lucidum under solid‐state fermentation conditions (moisture, 50%; substrate, 5 g; pH 5.5; temperature, 30C; carbon source, 2% fructose; nitrogen source, 0.02% yeast extract; C : N ratio, 25:1; fungal spore suspension, 5 mL; fermentation time period, 4 days).…”

“…). Recently, Muhammad Nasir Iqbal and Asgher () and Lanfermann et al . reported an MnP (48.0 kDa) from G. lucidum and G. applanatum , respectively.…”

“…). Despite the large amount of data on MnP purification, only one study has thus far reported on the purification of MnP from G. lucidum (Muhammad Nasir Iqbal and Asgher ). In addition, we have previously reported the LC‐MS/MS‐based identification of an MnP in the secretome of G. lucidum , cultivated in sugarcane bagasse as lignocellulose substrate (Manavalan et al .…”

The remediation of chlorpyrifos-contaminated soil by immobilized white-rot fungi

“…Iqbal and Asgher immobilized the Ganoderma lucidum strain by the sol-gel matrix entrapment in order to treat different textile effluents. 30 After 4 h of reaction, the industrial effluents were discoloured to a maximum of 99.2 %. Formaldehyde and nitroamines were analyzed in the maximum discoloured effluent and the results showed that the toxicity parameters were below the allowable limits.…”

Textile azo dye decolorization and detoxification using bacteria isolated from textile effluents

“…However, because of water pollution-related legislation Water Act 1974and Water Cess Act (1977-1988, several restraints are being placed on dye release in industrial wastewaters/effluents because of concerns related to environment and human health. Such legislations have forced industries to remove colouring chemicals from their effluents before they are released into water systems (Iqbal and Asgher, 2013). Several physicochemical methods, such as photocatalysis, ozonation, electrochemical oxidation process, adsorption via activated carbon, coagulation/flocculation, membrane filtration, and precipitation, are usually used for treating textile wastewater but these strategies are expensive and are producing considerable amount of sludge, which has to then be removed safely (Karim et al, 2018).…”