Decolorization and Detoxification of Triphenylmethane Dyes by isolated endophytic fungus, Bjerkandera adusta SWUSI4 under non-nutritive conditions

Abstract

Biodecolorization by microorganisms is a potential treatment technique because of they seem to be environmentally safe. In the present study, the decolourization and detoxification of cotton blue, crystal violet, malachite green and methyl violet by endophytic fungi were investigated. Preliminary screening result indicated that SWUSI4, identified as Bjerkandera adusta, demonstrated the best decolorization for the four TPM dyes within 14 days. Furthermore, optimization result demonstrated the decolorization rate could reach above 90 % at 24 h by live cells of isolate SWUSI4 when 4 g biomass was added into 100 mL dyes solution with the concentration 50 mg/L and shaking (150 rpm) conditions. Moreover, decolorization mechanism analysis shows that the decolorization was caused by isolate SWUSI4 that mainly including both absorption of biomass and/or degradation of enzymes. Biosorption of dyes was attributed to binding to hydroxyl, amino, phosphoryl alkane, and ester-lipids groups based on fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses. The biodegradation potential of SWUSI4 was further suggested by the change of peaks in the Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectra and detection of manganese peroxidase and lignin peroxidase activities. Finally, the phytotoxicity test confirmed that TPM dyes toxicity of the treatment after by SWUSI4 was significantly lower than that before treatment. These results indicate that an endophytic SWUSI4 could be used as a potential TPM dyes adsorption and degradation agent, thus facilitating the study of the plant-endophyte symbiosis in the bioremediation processes.

Process optimization for efficacious biodecolorization of crystal violet by Malaysian Rhodococcus pyridinivorans using monothetic analysis

“…Another study by Gao et al [17] reported identical findings when an endophytic fungus, Bjerkandera adusta SWUSI4 was found to be more effective in the decolorization of crystal violet under shaking condition (72%) than static condition (27%). Shaking condition allowed seamless transfer of oxygen between the cells and medium, leading to increased cell concentration [16] which suited the function of R. pyridinivorans as an aerobic bacterium.…”

“…Although the decolorization of crystal violet was inhibited at higher dye concentrations, the findings from this study exhibited more promising outcomes than reported previously. For instance, Gao et al [17] reported a strain of B. adusta SWUSI4 which could only decolorize 34% of 250 mg/L crystal violet after an incubation period of 14 days.…”

An exploration of unseen fungal world and analysis of their functional attributes in crop and human health

“…Finally, the toxicity of TPM dyes after treatment with SWUS14''s was significantly reduced than before treatment, according to the phytotoxicity test. These findings suggest that an endophytic SW US14 could be exploited as a possible TPM dye adsorption and degradation agent, allowing researchers to better understand the plant-endophyte symbiosis in bioremediation processes (Gao et al, 2020).…”

Fungal assisted bio‐treatment of environmental pollutants with comprehensive emphasis on noxious heavy metals: Recent updates

“…The best decolorization for four triphenylmethane dyes was exhibited by SWUSI 4 in 14 days. They observed further that by the live cells of isolate SWUSI 4 , the rate of decolorization could reach above 90% at 24 h when addition of 4 g biomass into 100 ml solution of dyes having 50 mg/L concentration and 150 rpm shaking conditions was performed (Gao et al, 2020). There are many reviews which also demonstrate the promising eligibility of fungal system in dyes degradation.…”