Decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus

Sharara, Sima L.; Maragakis, Lisa L.; Cosgrove, Sara E.

doi:10.1016/j.idc.2020.10.010

Cited by 30 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…In cases where it is deemed necessary to perform decolonization from MRSA, extensive systematic reviews and meta-analyses indicate performing decolonization with intranasal mupirocin ointment in the days preceding the surgery [ 12 , 17 , 18 , 19 ]. IDSA guidelines on perioperative prophylaxis provide, in addition to nasal mupirocin, a shower a day with soapy chlorhexidine (or povidone iodine for patients for whom chlorhexidine is contraindicated) for 5 days [ 5 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Neonates and Children with Special High-Risk Conditions: A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method Consensus Study

et al. 2022

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Surgical site infections (SSIs), which are a potential complications in surgical procedures, are associated with prolonged hospital stays and increased postoperative mortality rates, and they also have a significant economic impact on health systems. Data in literature regarding risk factors for SSIs in pediatric age are scarce, with consequent difficulties in the management of SSI prophylaxis and with antibiotic prescribing attitudes in the various surgical procedures that often tend to follow individual opinions. The lack of pediatric studies is even more evident when we consider surgeries performed in subjects with underlying conditions that may pose an increased risk of complications. In order to respond to this shortcoming, we developed a consensus document to define optimal surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) in neonates and children with specific high-risk conditions. These included the following: (1) colonization by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and by multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria other than MRSA; (2) allergy to first-line antibiotics; (3) immunosuppression; (4) splenectomy; (5) comorbidity; (6) ongoing antibiotic therapy or prophylaxis; (7) coexisting infection at another site; (8) previous surgery in the last month; and (9) presurgery hospitalization lasting more than 2 weeks. This work, made possible by the multidisciplinary contribution of experts belonging to the most important Italian scientific societies, represents, in our opinion, the most up-to-date and comprehensive collection of recommendations relating to behaviors to be undertaken in a perioperative site in the presence of specific categories of patients at high-risk of complications during surgery. The application of uniform and shared protocols in these high-risk categories will improve surgical practice with a reduction in SSIs and consequent rationalization of resources and costs, as well as being able to limit the phenomenon of antimicrobial resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Neonates and Children with Special High-Risk Conditions: A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method Consensus Study

et al. 2022

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“…In some cases, periodic decolonization can be considered and potential decolonization of other household members, where colonization of the bacteria is documented. 82 …”

Section: Non-antibiotic Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In some cases, periodic decolonization can be considered and potential decolonization of other household members, where colonization of the bacteria is documented. 82 Vaccine development against group A streptococcus (GAS) presents many challenges as it possesses several pathogenic factors leading to infection of the host. In addition, there is extensive strain diversity, and this varies in different geographical locations.…”

Section: Systemic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent Cellulitis: Who is at Risk and How Effective is Antibiotic Prophylaxis?

Ong¹,

Dotel²,

Ngian³

2022

IJGM

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Recurrent cellulitis following successful treatment is common and prevention should be a major component in the management of cellulitis. Conditions that increase the risk of recurrence include chronic edema, venous disease, dermatomycosis and obesity. These risk factors should be actively managed as further episodes of cellulitis increases the risk of recurrence. The role of non-antibiotic measures is important and should be first-line in prevention. Antibiotic prophylaxis is effective, but its role is limited to non-purulent cellulitis where risk factors are appropriately managed.

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“…Research evidence has confirmed that the pathogenic mechanism of S. aureus includes adhesion to host cells, resistance to bactericidal and soluble effects of phagocytes, evasion of host immune responses, production or release of other active substances, and direct or indirect cell damage and death [ 5 – 7 ]. At present, S. aureus infections are associated with elevated mortality, morbidity, health care costs, and hospital stay, and the death caused by S. aureus invasive infections has become a serious public health problem [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Luteolin Inhibits the Biofilm Formation and Cytotoxicity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus via Decreasing Bacterial Toxin Synthesis

Sun

Feng

et al. 2022

Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine

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Owing to the fact that luteolin has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), its specific mechanism in MRSA is worthy of investigation, which is the focus of this study. Initially, the collected S. aureus strains were treated with luteolin. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of luteolin against the S. aureus strains was measured by the broth microdilution. The growth curves, biofilm formation, and cytotoxicity of treated S. aureus were detected using a microplate reader. The live and dead bacteria were evaluated using confocal laser scanning microscopy, the bacterial morphology was observed using scanning electron microscopy, and the S. aureus colony-forming unit (CFU) numbers were assessed. The levels of alpha hemolysin (α-hemolysin), delta hemolysin (δ-hemolysin), and hlaA were detected via western blot and RT-PCR. The mortality of mouse model with S. aureus systemic infection was analyzed, and the levels of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNF-α were quantitated using ELISA. Concretely, the MIC of luteolin against MRSA N315 was 64 μg/mL. Luteolin at 16 μg/mL did not affect the growth of MRSA N315, but inhibited the biofilm formation and CFU, and promoted the morphological changes and death of MRSA N315. Luteolin decreased the cytotoxicity and the levels of α-hemolysin, δ-hemolysin, and hlaA in MRSA N315, elevated MRSA-reduced mice survival rate, and differentially modulated the inflammatory cytokine levels in MRSA-infected mice. Collectively, luteolin inhibits biofilm formation and cytotoxicity of MRSA via blocking the bacterial toxin synthesis.

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Decolonization of Staphylococcus aureus

Cited by 30 publications

References 133 publications

Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Neonates and Children with Special High-Risk Conditions: A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method Consensus Study

Surgical Antimicrobial Prophylaxis in Neonates and Children with Special High-Risk Conditions: A RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method Consensus Study

Recurrent Cellulitis: Who is at Risk and How Effective is Antibiotic Prophylaxis?

Luteolin Inhibits the Biofilm Formation and Cytotoxicity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus via Decreasing Bacterial Toxin Synthesis

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