Decoding Heavy Metal Stress Signalling in Plants: Towards Improved Food Security and Safety

Keyster, Marshall; Niekerk, Lee-Ann; Basson, Gerhard; Carelse, Mogamat Fahiem; Bakare, Olalekan Olanrewaju; Ludidi, Ndiko; Klein, Ashwil; Mekuto, Lukhanyo; Gokul, Arun

doi:10.3390/plants9121781

Cited by 44 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 176 publications

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“…To overcome vanadium toxicity, plant tissues stimulate the biosynthesis of metal chelators like MTC and PC as well as the metal detoxifying enzyme GST [1,81]. Both rye and sorghum increased their contents of GST activity in their shoots, while only sorghum accumulated MTC in its roots, reflecting the difference in their sensitivity towards vanadium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Mineral Acquisition, Sugars Metabolism and Redox Status after Mycorrhizal Inoculation Are the Basis for Tolerance to Vanadium Stress in C3 and C4 Grasses

Selim

Abuelsoud

Alsharari

et al. 2021

JoF

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Vanadium (V) can be beneficial or toxic to plant growth and the interaction between arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and V stress was rarely investigated at physiological and biochemical levels of plant groups (C3 and C4) and organs (roots and shoots). We tested the potential of AMF to alleviate the negative effects of V (350 mg V/Kg soil) on shoots and roots of rye and sorghum. Relative to sorghum (C4), rye (C3) showed higher levels of V and lower levels of key elements under V stress conditions. V inhibited growth, photosynthesis, and induced photorespiration (increased HDR & GO activities) and oxidative damage in both plants. AMF colonization reduced V stress by differently mitigating the oxidative stress in rye and sorghum. This mitigation was accompanied with increases in acid and alkaline phosphatase activities in plant roots and increased organic acids and polyphenols exudation into the soil, thus reduced V accumulation (29% and 58% in rye and sorghum shoot, respectively) and improved absorption of mineral nutrients including Ca, Mg and P. AMF colonization improved photosynthesis and increased the sugar accumulation and metabolism. Sugars also acted as a supplier of C skeletons for producing of antioxidants metabolite such as ascorbate. At the antioxidant level, rye was more responsive to the mitigating impact of AMF. Higher antioxidants and detoxification defence system (MTC, GST, phenolics, tocopherols and activities of CAT, SOD and POX) was recorded for rye, while sorghum (C4) improved its GR activity. The C3/C4-specificity was supported by principal component analysis. Together, this study provided both fundamental and applied insights into practical strategies to mitigate the phytotoxicity hazards of V in C3 and C4 grasses. Moreover, our results emphasize the importance of AMF as an environment-friendly factor to alleviate stress effects on plants and to improve growth and yield of unstressed plants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved Mineral Acquisition, Sugars Metabolism and Redox Status after Mycorrhizal Inoculation Are the Basis for Tolerance to Vanadium Stress in C3 and C4 Grasses

Selim

Abuelsoud

Alsharari

et al. 2021

JoF

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“…Together, NO and H 2 S control the components of the AsA-GSH cycle and ROS levels, especially H 2 O 2 [ 52 ]. The H 2 S and GSH relationship is especially important [ 53 ]. GSH shows a strong affinity to bind to heavy metals and metalloids, in addition to forming phytochelatins that can act by scavenging these elements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response to Antimony Toxicity in Dittrichia viscosa Plants: ROS, NO, H2S, and the Antioxidant System

et al. 2021

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Dittrichia viscosa plants were grown hydroponically with different concentrations of Sb. There was preferential accumulation of Sb in roots. Fe and Cu decreased, while Mn decreased in roots but not in leaves. Chlorophyll content declined, but the carotenoid content increased, and photosynthetic efficiency was unaltered. O2●− generation increased slightly, while lipid peroxidation increased only in roots. H2O2, NO, ONOO−, S-nitrosothiols, and H2S showed significant increases, and the enzymatic antioxidant system was altered. In roots, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR) activities declined, dehydroscorbate reductase (DHAR) rose, and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), peroxidase (POX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were unaffected. In leaves, SOD and POX increased, MDAR decreased, and APX was unaltered, while GR increased. S-nitrosoglutathione reductase (GSNOR) and l-cysteine desulfhydrilase (l-DES) increased in activity, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) decreased in leaves but was enhanced in roots. Components of the AsA/GSH cycle decreased. The great capacity of Dittrichia roots to accumulate Sb is the reason for the differing behaviour observed in the enzymatic antioxidant systems of the two organs. Sb appears to act by binding to thiol groups, which can alter free GSH content and SOD and GST activities. The coniferyl alcohol peroxidase activity increased, possibly to lignify the roots’ cell walls. Sb altered the ROS balance, especially with respect to H2O2. This led to an increase in NO and H2S acting on the antioxidant system to limit that Sb-induced redox imbalance. The interaction NO, H2S and H2O2 appears key to the response to stress induced by Sb. The interaction between ROS, NO, and H2S appears to be involved in the response to Sb.

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“…HMs, at toxic levels, can interact with several important cellular biomolecules, such as nuclear proteins and DNA, to induce excessive increases in the synthesis of ROS, thus resulting in serious morphological, physiological, and biochemical abnormalities in plants [81]. Plants have evolved complex signaling mechanisms to relieve the toxicity caused by HMs [82]. These mechanisms are accomplished by a cascade of three steps: reception of stimuli, transduction of intracellular and extracellular signals, and enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions (Figure 4).…”

Section: Cascade Signal Transductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Metal Homeostasis in Plants: A New View on the Synergistic Regulation Pathway of Membrane Proteins, Lipids and Metal Ions

Saleem

et al. 2021

Membranes

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Heavy metal stress (HMS) is one of the most destructive abiotic stresses which seriously affects the growth and development of plants. Recent studies have shown significant progress in understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to HMS. In general, three core signals are involved in plants’ responses to HMS; these are mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), calcium, and hormonal (abscisic acid) signals. In addition to these signal components, other regulatory factors, such as microRNAs and membrane proteins, also play an important role in regulating HMS responses in plants. Membrane proteins interact with the highly complex and heterogeneous lipids in the plant cell environment. The function of membrane proteins is affected by the interactions between lipids and lipid-membrane proteins. Our review findings also indicate the possibility of membrane protein-lipid-metal ion interactions in regulating metal homeostasis in plant cells. In this review, we investigated the role of membrane proteins with specific substrate recognition in regulating cell metal homeostasis. The understanding of the possible interaction networks and upstream and downstream pathways is developed. In addition, possible interactions between membrane proteins, metal ions, and lipids are discussed to provide new ideas for studying metal homeostasis in plant cells.

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Decoding Heavy Metal Stress Signalling in Plants: Towards Improved Food Security and Safety

Cited by 44 publications

References 176 publications

Improved Mineral Acquisition, Sugars Metabolism and Redox Status after Mycorrhizal Inoculation Are the Basis for Tolerance to Vanadium Stress in C3 and C4 Grasses

Improved Mineral Acquisition, Sugars Metabolism and Redox Status after Mycorrhizal Inoculation Are the Basis for Tolerance to Vanadium Stress in C3 and C4 Grasses

Response to Antimony Toxicity in Dittrichia viscosa Plants: ROS, NO, H2S, and the Antioxidant System

The Mechanism of Metal Homeostasis in Plants: A New View on the Synergistic Regulation Pathway of Membrane Proteins, Lipids and Metal Ions

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