Declining trends in blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension, and changes in related factors in Japan, 1956–1980

Ueshima, Hirotsugu; Tatara, Kozo; Asakura, Shunji; Okamoto, Masashi

doi:10.1016/0021-9681(87)90065-8

Cited by 84 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The prevalence of hypertension was much lower than that in 1965 survey (15% for men and 14% for women). 1 The observed relationships of elevated BP to CVD and stroke mortality are consistent with other studies. 5,7,[10][11][12][13][14] The relative risks are relatively smaller than those from other studies in Japan.…”

Section: Major Findings From This Studysupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Blood pressure (BP) levels have decreased rapidly and serum cholesterol levels have been increasing. 1,2 Reflecting changes in these risk factors, mortality rates from cardiovascular diseases (CVD) have changed rapidly. 3 During the years from 1969-70 to 1991-92, age-adjusted stroke mortality rate for 30-69 year olds has declined, 77% for men and 78% for women.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of elevated blood pressure on mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, heart disease and stroke among Japanese: 14 year follow-up of randomly selected population from Japanese — Nippon data 80

2003

J Hum Hypertens

141

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Section: Major Findings From This Studysupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of elevated blood pressure on mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, heart disease and stroke among Japanese: 14 year follow-up of randomly selected population from Japanese — Nippon data 80

2003

J Hum Hypertens

141

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“…The age-specific mean SBP level for men and women increased from 1956 to the mid 1960s in each age group. 49,50 After that there was a steady declining trend in almost all age groups. The mean blood pressure declined about 9.1 mm Hg and 14.6 mm Hg in men in their 50s and 60s from 1965 to 1990 (Figure 1).…”

Section: Journal Of Human Hypertensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology of hypertension in China and Japan

2000

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Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in Chinese and Japanese with a low to moderate serum cholesterol level. The prevalence of hypertension is diverse in Chinese populations with different geographic region, lifestyles and cultures. The same diversity was observed in Japan in the past, but recently the regional difference has become smaller. The large decline in stroke mortality in Japan was followed by a reduction in the prevalence of hypertension and the lowering level of blood pressure. This is partly explained by various community-based hypertension control programmes. Chinese populations are now showing similar patterns as those observed in Japan. These populations

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“…Since the 1960s, the prevalence of diabetes [5] and the mean BMI had increased in Japan, while blood pressure levels have decreased [6]. Because hypertension is a primary risk factor for ischaemic stroke [1,4], we postulated that the increased prevalence of diabetes and obesity and the decreased blood pressure levels may increase the relative contribution of diabetes to the development of ischaemic stroke.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke in Japanese men and women

et al. 2004

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Aims/hypothesis. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between type 2 diabetes and risk of ischaemic stroke in Asian populations. Methods. We conducted a 17-year prospective cohort study in 10,582 Japanese individuals (4287 men and 6295 women) aged 40-69 years living in five communities in Japan. All subjects were free of stroke and CHD at baseline. Diabetes was defined as a fasting glucose level of ≥7.0 mmol/l, a non-fasting glucose of ≥11.1 mmol/l, or receiving medication for diabetes.Results. The risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke was approximately two-fold higher in diabetic subjects than in subjects with normal glucose levels. The multivariate relative risk after adjustment for age, community, hypertensive status, BMI, triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (TSF and SSF), and other known cardiovascular risk factors was 1.8 (95% CI 1.0-3.2) for men and 2.2 (1.2-4.0) for women. This excess risk was primarily observed among non-hypertensive subjects and individuals with higher values for measures of adiposity (BMI, TSF and SSF values above the median), particularly those with higher values for SSF. The association between non-embolic ischaemic stroke and glucose abnormality was particularly strong among nonhypertensive subjects with higher SSF values: the multivariate relative risk was 1.9 (1.0-3.7) for borderline diabetes and 4.9 (2.5-9.5) for diabetes. Conclusions/interpretation. In this cohort, type 2 diabetes was a significant risk factor for non-embolic ischaemic stroke, particularly in non-hypertensive and non-lean individuals. Due to the nationwide decrease in blood pressure and increase in mean BMI among the Japanese population, with current levels approaching those observed in Western countries, the impact of glucose abnormalities on risk of ischaemic stroke represents a forthcoming public health issue in Japan.

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Declining trends in blood pressure level and the prevalence of hypertension, and changes in related factors in Japan, 1956–1980

Cited by 84 publications

References 24 publications

Impact of elevated blood pressure on mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, heart disease and stroke among Japanese: 14 year follow-up of randomly selected population from Japanese — Nippon data 80

Impact of elevated blood pressure on mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, heart disease and stroke among Japanese: 14 year follow-up of randomly selected population from Japanese — Nippon data 80

Epidemiology of hypertension in China and Japan

Type 2 diabetes and risk of non-embolic ischaemic stroke in Japanese men and women

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