Declining trend in the seroprevalence of infection with hepatitis A virus in Thailand

Chatproedprai, Susheera; Chongsrisawat, V.; Chatchatee, Pantipa; Theamboonlers, Apiradee; Yoocharoen, Pornsak; Warinsathien, Porpit; Tharmaphornpilas, Piyanit; Warintrawat, Sirisak; Sinlaparatsamee, S.; Chaiear, K.; Khwanjaipanich, Sawan; S, Paupunwatana; Poovorawan, Yong

doi:10.1179/136485907x157040

Cited by 21 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In fact, a 1997 study in Bangkok found that home-reared infants below 2 years of age are more likely to contract EBV compared to those who are raised outside their homes (Mekmullica et al, 2003). This pattern of infection is substantially different from, for example, hepatitis A, which has experienced declining seroprevalence due to improvements in sanitation and hygiene (Chatproedprai et al, 2007). Though both infections are related to socioeconomic status, there are different modes of transmission in play.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seroprevalence of Anti-EBV IgG among Various Age Groups from Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

Suntornlohanakul¹,

Wanlapakorn²,

Vongpunsawad³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is an extremely common herpesvirus that may cause asymptomatic infection or various diseases, including infectious mononucleosis, certain lymphoproliferative diseases and several types of neoplasms. Vaccine development is an important strategy to reduce the burden of EBV-associated diseases and the timing of vaccinations should be before primary infection occurs. In the past, more than 90% of Thai children were infected with EBV in early childhood. Now, due to the improved healthcare system in Thailand, we aim to determine current prevalence of EBV infection among people in different age groups. A total of 538 sera were collected from residents of Khon Kaen province in northeastern Thailand for detecting anti-EBV IgG. Sera of infants under 2-years-old were also tested for anti-EBV IgM and EBV-DNA. The prevalence of anti-EBV IgG was 47.1% (95% CI: 23.3-70.8) in infants aged 0-6 months, 34.9% (95% CI: 23.1-46.7) in those aged 6-24 months, 87.9% (95% CI: 79.5-96.3) in children aged 3-5 years and then maintained at above 95% through adulthood. These seropositivity rates among Thai children remain similar to those found in a previous study conducted 20 years ago. Thai children are still exposed to EBV from an early age. Therefore, a prophylactic vaccine should be given within the first two years of life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Seroprevalence of Anti-EBV IgG among Various Age Groups from Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

Suntornlohanakul¹,

Wanlapakorn²,

Vongpunsawad³

et al. 2015

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Recently, improvements in hygiene and sanitary conditions and the application of public health control measures have led to a significant shift in the epidemiology of hepatitis A from high to intermediate to low endemicity in Thailand [21]. This shift has resulted in a growing population of susceptible adolescents and adults, the groups most likely to be symptomatic when infected with HAV, and may lead to outbreaks of the disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis Caused by Genotype IB Hepatitis A Viruses Contaminating the Water Supply in Thailand

et al. 2016

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Background: In 2000, an outbreak of acute hepatitis A was reported in a province adjacent to Bangkok, Thailand. Aims: To investigate the cause of the 2000 hepatitis A outbreaks in Thailand using molecular epidemiological analysis. Methods: Serum and stool specimens were collected from patients who were clinically diagnosed with acute viral hepatitis. Water samples from drinking water and deep-drilled wells were also collected. These specimens were subjected to polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and sequencing of the VP1/2A region of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) genome. The entire genome sequence of one of the fecal specimens was determined and phylogenetically analyzed with those of known HAV sequences. Results and Conclusions: Eleven of 24 fecal specimens collected from acute viral hepatitis patients were positive as determined by semi- nested reverse transcription PCR targeting the VP1/2A region of HAV. The nucleotide sequence of these samples had an identical genotype IB sequence, suggesting that the same causative agent was present. The complete nucleotide sequence derived from one of the samples indicated that the Thai genotype IB strain should be classified in a unique phylogenetic cluster. The analysis using an adjusted odds ratio showed that the consumption of groundwater was the most likely risk factor associated with the disease.

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“…The evaluation of the long-term persistence of the humoral immune response following immunization with hepatitis vaccines is of critical importance, considering that lower seroprevalence of hepatitis A virus in most industrialized regions is correlated to an increased risk of hepatitis A infection in older age groups [Chatproedprai et al, 2007;Jacobsen, 2009]. In addition, in this age of international travel, an increasing number of adults travel to areas endemic for hepatitis A and B, thus increasing the risk of infection [Zuckerman and Hoet, 2008;Askling et al, 2009].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibody persistence and immune memory in adults, 15 years after a three‐dose schedule of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine

Damme¹,

Leroux‐Roels

Crasta

et al. 2011

Journal of Medical Virology

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A combined hepatitis A and B vaccine is available since 1996. Two separate open-label primary studies evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of this hepatitis A and B vaccine (720 EI.U of HAV and 20 µg of HBsAg) in 306 healthy subjects aged 17-43 years who received three doses of the vaccine following a 0, 1, and 6 months schedule. These subjects were followed up annually for the next 15 years to evaluate long-term persistence of anti-HAV and anti-HBs antibodies. The subjects whose antibody concentrations fell below the cut-offs between Year 11 and Year 15 (anti-HAV: <15 mIU/ml; anti-HBs: <10 mIU/ml) were offered an additional dose of the appropriate monovalent hepatitis A and/or B vaccine. In subjects who received the additional vaccine dose, a blood sample was collected 1 month after vaccination. At the Year 15 time point, all subjects in Study A and Study B were seropositive for anti-HAV antibodies and 89.3% and 92.9% of subjects in the respective studies had anti-HBs antibody concentrations ≥10 mIU/ml. Four subjects (two in each study) received an additional dose of monovalent hepatitis B vaccine and mounted anamnestic responses to vaccination. No vaccine-related serious adverse events were reported. This study confirms the long-term immunogenicity of the three-dose regimen of the combined hepatitis A and B vaccine, as eliciting long-term persistence of antibodies and immune memory against hepatitis A and B for up to at least 15 years after a primary vaccination.

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Declining trend in the seroprevalence of infection with hepatitis A virus in Thailand

Cited by 21 publications

References 12 publications

Seroprevalence of Anti-EBV IgG among Various Age Groups from Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

Seroprevalence of Anti-EBV IgG among Various Age Groups from Khon Kaen Province, Thailand

An Outbreak of Acute Hepatitis Caused by Genotype IB Hepatitis A Viruses Contaminating the Water Supply in Thailand

Antibody persistence and immune memory in adults, 15 years after a three‐dose schedule of a combined hepatitis A and B vaccine

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