Declining greenness in Arctic-boreal lakes

Kuhn, Charles; Butman, David

doi:10.1073/pnas.2021219118

Cited by 30 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 142 publications

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“…With the rise in LAI, a larger foliage of leaves lowers the radiation contact with bare ground surfaces and restricts soil evaporation, but increases the re-evaporation precipitation intercepted by leaves; thus, high greening can alter net evaporation. Due to intense greening, a significant increase in terrestrial evapotranspiration was observed, suggesting an intensified water exchange between land and atmosphere as feedback proportional to greening and browning as supported by various previous studies (Zhang et al, 2015;Zeng et al, 2017;Zeng et al, 2018b;Xu et al, 2020;Abbas et al, 2021;Kuhn and Butman, 2021). The overall phenomenon leads to a greeninginduced ET enhancement that increases atmospheric water vapor content and promotes downwind precipitation.…”

Section: Impact Of Lulcc On Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 63%

Quantifying Temperature and Precipitation Change Caused by Land Cover Change: A Case Study of India Using the WRF Model

Lal

Shekhar

Kumar

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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The large-scale Land-Uses and Land-Cover Changes (LULCC) in India in the past several decades is primarily driven by anthropogenic factors that influence the climate from regional to global scales. Therefore, to understand the LULCC over the Indian region from 2002 to 2015 and its implications on temperature and precipitation, we performed Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model simulation using the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) reanalysis data for the period 2009 to 2015 as a boundary condition with 2009 as spin-up time. The results showed moderate forest cover loss in major parts of northeast India, and the Himalayan region during 2002–2015. Such large LULC changes, primarily significant alteration of grassland and agriculture from the forest, led to increased precipitation due to increasing evapotranspiration (ET) similar to the forest-dominated regions. An increase in the precipitation patterns (>300 mm) was observed in the parts of eastern and western Himalayas, western Ghats, and the northwestern part of central India, while most parts of northeast Himalayas have an exceptional increase in precipitation (∼100–150 mm), which shows similar agreement with an increase of leaf area index (LAI) by ∼15%. The overall phenomenon leads to a greening-induced ET enhancement that increases atmospheric water vapor content and promotes downwind precipitation. In the case of temperature, warming was observed in the central to eastern parts of India, while cooling was observed in the central and western parts. The increase in vegetated areas over northwest India led to an increase in ET, which ultimately resulted in decreased temperature and increased precipitation. The study highlights the changes in temperature and precipitation in recent decades because of large LULCC and necessitates the formulation of sustainable land use-based strategies to control meteorological variability and augment ecological sustainability.

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Section: Impact Of Lulcc On Precipitationsupporting

confidence: 63%

Quantifying Temperature and Precipitation Change Caused by Land Cover Change: A Case Study of India Using the WRF Model

Lal

Shekhar

Kumar

2021

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…In particular, rainfall during the week prior to 5 August 2019 was five times higher than the average weekly rainfall during the period of beaver occupation in the Swan Lake Creek drainage (Figure 10b). Observations of failure of the dam complex and initiation of the beaver-induced permafrost degradation feature following record rainfall has implications for the ongoing rapid expansion of beavers [37,44,47] in an Arctic that is experiencing hydrologic intensification [68,69]. With the more than doubling in beaver ponds on the Seward Peninsula between 2000 and 2020 [46], the likelihood of more widespread beaver-induced permafrost degradation associated with dam failures due to an increase in extreme precipitation events has increased in the 21st Century [70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Dimensional Remote Sensing Analysis Documents Beaver-Induced Permafrost Degradation, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

et al. 2021

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Beavers have established themselves as a key component of low arctic ecosystems over the past several decades. Beavers are widely recognized as ecosystem engineers, but their effects on permafrost-dominated landscapes in the Arctic remain unclear. In this study, we document the occurrence, reconstruct the timing, and highlight the effects of beaver activity on a small creek valley confined by ice-rich permafrost on the Seward Peninsula, Alaska using multi-dimensional remote sensing analysis of satellite (Landsat-8, Sentinel-2, Planet CubeSat, and DigitalGlobe Inc./MAXAR) and unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) imagery. Beaver activity along the study reach of Swan Lake Creek appeared between 2006 and 2011 with the construction of three dams. Between 2011 and 2017, beaver dam numbers increased, with the peak occurring in 2017 (n = 9). Between 2017 and 2019, the number of dams decreased (n = 6), while the average length of the dams increased from 20 to 33 m. Between 4 and 20 August 2019, following a nine-day period of record rainfall (>125 mm), the well-established dam system failed, triggering the formation of a beaver-induced permafrost degradation feature. During the decade of beaver occupation between 2011 and 2021, the creek valley widened from 33 to 180 m (~450% increase) and the length of the stream channel network increased from ~0.6 km to more than 1.9 km (220% increase) as a result of beaver engineering and beaver-induced permafrost degradation. Comparing vegetation (NDVI) and snow (NDSI) derived indices from Sentinel-2 time-series data acquired between 2017 and 2021 for the beaver-induced permafrost degradation feature and a nearby unaffected control site, showed that peak growing season NDVI was lowered by 23% and that it extended the length of the snow-cover period by 19 days following the permafrost disturbance. Our analysis of multi-dimensional remote sensing data highlights several unique aspects of beaver engineering impacts on ice-rich permafrost landscapes. Our detailed reconstruction of the beaver-induced permafrost degradation event may also prove useful for identifying degradation of ice-rich permafrost in optical time-series datasets across regional scales. Future field- and remote sensing-based observations of this site, and others like it, will provide valuable information for the NSF-funded Arctic Beaver Observation Network (A-BON) and the third phase of the NASA Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE) Field Campaign.

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“…The next generation of carbon monitoring will capture the complex linkages between WC systems, e.g. the linked permafrost and boreal lake carbon cycle [414][415][416]. As we address these challenges and opportunities, our ability to understand WC storage and fluxes will improve, and in turn, our understanding of how these ecosystems function, allowing for sustainable management and conservation.…”

Section: Recommendationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of carbon monitoring in wet carbon systems using remote sensing

Campbell

Fatoyinbo

Charles

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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Carbon monitoring is critical for the reporting and verification of carbon stocks and change. Remote sensing is a tool increasingly used to estimate the spatial heterogeneity, extent and change of carbon stocks within and across various systems. We designate the use of the term wet carbon system to the interconnected wetlands, ocean, river and streams, lakes and ponds, and permafrost, which are carbon-dense and vital conduits for carbon throughout the terrestrial and aquatic sections of the carbon cycle. We reviewed wet carbon monitoring studies that utilize earth observation to improve our knowledge of data gaps, methods, and future research recommendations. To achieve this, we conducted a systematic review collecting 1,622 references and screening them with a combination of text matching and a panel of three experts. The search found 496 references, with an additional 78 references added by experts. Our study found considerable variability of the utilization of remote sensing and global wet carbon monitoring progress across the nine systems analyzed. The review highlighted that remote sensing is routinely used to globally map carbon in mangroves and oceans, whereas seagrass, terrestrial wetlands, tidal marshes, rivers, and permafrost would benefit from more accurate and comprehensive global maps of extent. We identified three critical gaps and twelve recommendations to continue progressing wet carbon systems and increase cross system scientific inquiry.

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Declining greenness in Arctic-boreal lakes

Cited by 30 publications

References 142 publications

Quantifying Temperature and Precipitation Change Caused by Land Cover Change: A Case Study of India Using the WRF Model

Quantifying Temperature and Precipitation Change Caused by Land Cover Change: A Case Study of India Using the WRF Model

Multi-Dimensional Remote Sensing Analysis Documents Beaver-Induced Permafrost Degradation, Seward Peninsula, Alaska

A review of carbon monitoring in wet carbon systems using remote sensing

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