Declining fertility and economic well-being: Do education and health ride to the rescue?

Prettner, Klaus; Bloom, David E.; Strulik, Holger

doi:10.1016/j.labeco.2012.07.001

Cited by 59 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(78 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Prettner, Bloom et al (2013) build on these insights in a more recent study. These analyses developed the consequences of the multiplicative interaction of quantity and quality of children in the family budget constraint, with each affecting the shadow price of the other.…”

Section: Background: Human Capital and Economic Growthmentioning

confidence: 78%

Demographic dividends, human capital, and saving

Mason

Lee

Jiang

2016

The Journal of the Economics of Ageing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Section: Background: Human Capital and Economic Growthmentioning

confidence: 78%

Demographic dividends, human capital, and saving

Mason

Lee

Jiang

2016

The Journal of the Economics of Ageing

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…1 For example, an increased number of women working, higher savings in expectation of longer lifespans, and fewer but healthier and better-educated young people can boost rates of income growth per person in the face of low fertility and population ageing. 15,38–40 Smoking cessation, a reduction in excessive alcohol consumption, adherence to healthier diets, 41 engagement in more physical activity, and taking advantage of adult vaccines such as those for influenza, pneumococcal disease, human papillomavirus, and shingles, are also behavioural responses that would promote improved health in older people.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If such investment results in higher human capital (the skills and capacities that people have that could be put to productive use) held by the workforce, the productivity and standards of living could in fact increase. 40,78 Better health, cognition, and education will generally translate into more productive working adults, and this effective enlargement of the workforce will help to counteract the shrinkage associated with population ageing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroeconomic implications of population ageing and selected policy responses

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Between now and 2030, every country will experience population ageing—a trend that is both pronounced and historically unprecedented. Over the past six decades, countries of the world had experienced only a slight increase in the share of people aged 60 years and older, from 8% to 10%. But in the next four decades, this group is expected to rise to 22% of the total population—a jump from 800 million to 2 billion people. Evidence suggests that cohorts entering older age now are healthier than previous ones. However, progress has been very uneven, as indicated by the wide gaps in population health (measured by life expectancy) between the worst (Sierra Leone) and best (Japan) performing countries, now standing at a difference of 36 years for life expectancy at birth and 15 years for life expectancy at age 60 years. Population ageing poses challenges for countries’ economies, and the health of older populations is of concern. Older people have greater health and long-term care needs than younger people, leading to increased expenditure. They are also less likely to work if they are unhealthy, and could impose an economic burden on families and society. Like everyone else, older people need both physical and economic security, but the burden of providing these securities will be falling on a smaller portion of the population. Pension systems will be stressed and will need reassessment along with retirement policies. Health systems, which have not in the past been oriented toward the myriad health problems and long-term care needs of older people and have not sufficiently emphasised disease prevention, can respond in different ways to the new demographic reality and the associated changes in population health. Along with behavioural adaptations by individuals and businesses, the nature of such policy responses will establish whether population ageing will lead to major macroeconomic difficulties.

show abstract

“…16 A workforce with higher human capital has the potential to lead to increased productivity, wages, and standards of living. 17 Other human-capital investments in health will generally also lead to more productive working adults, offsetting the reduction in the labor force as adults age and fertility rates decline.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Population Aging: Facts, Challenges, Solutions & Perspectives

Bloom

Canning

Lubet³

2015

Daedalus

Self Cite

217

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We are in the midst of an unprecedented transition in global demography. The world's population is aging rapidly, and older adults compose a larger proportion of the world's population than ever before-a share that will only increase over the next century. By 2050, the percentage of the United States' population that is aged sixty years and older will grow from the current ½gure of about 20 percent to 27 percent. The global number of centenarians worldwide-those aged one hundred years and older-is expected to more than double by 2030, with projections of nearly 3.4 million by 2050. 1 Three major factors are driving this transition: decreasing fertility, increasing longevity, and the aging of large population cohorts.Falling fertility rates are the main determinant of population aging. Low fertility rates lead to smaller youth cohorts, which create an imbalance in the age structure: older age groups become larger than their younger counterparts. Thanks to accessible and effective birth control, increased child survival, and cultural changes, birth rates have dropped dramatAbstract: The rapid aging of populations around the world presents an unprecedented set of challenges: shifting disease burden, increased expenditure on health and long-term care, labor-force shortages, dissaving, and potential problems with old-age income security. We view longer life spans, particularly longer healthy life spans, as an enormous gain for human welfare. The challenges come from the fact that our current institutional and social arrangements are unsuited for aging populations and shifting demographics; our proposed solution is therefore to change our institutions and social arrangements. The ½rst section of this essay provides a statistical overview of global population aging and its contributing factors. The second section outlines some of the major challenges associated with widespread population aging. Finally, the third section of the essay describes various responses to these challenges, both current and prospective, facing individuals, businesses, institutions, and governments.

show abstract

Declining fertility and economic well-being: Do education and health ride to the rescue?

Cited by 59 publications

References 59 publications

Demographic dividends, human capital, and saving

Demographic dividends, human capital, and saving

Macroeconomic implications of population ageing and selected policy responses

Global Population Aging: Facts, Challenges, Solutions & Perspectives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About