Decline of Vertical Gaze and Convergence with Aging

Oguro, Hiroaki; Okada, Kazunori; Suyama, Nobuo; Yamashita, Kazuya; Yamaguchi, Shûhei; Kobayashi, Shotai

doi:10.1159/000076777

Cited by 35 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In addition, we observed significant weakness (P < 0.001) in both quadriceps and calf muscles among the study group, when we compared the right leg of patients (147 ± 52 N) and controls (219 ± 58 N), the left leg, or summed the strength in the left and right legs (P < 0.001). Ten patients and 12 controls had limited upward gaze (P = 0.85), as is often observed in healthy elderly adults [22]. No patient or control had nystagmus or slowing of saccade velocities.…”

Section: ■ Neuro-motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with a cautious gait of unknown origin

et al. 2005

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Older adults with a disturbed gait of unknown origin appear to share common characteristics. They walk more slowly than "healthy" controls with increased unsteadiness and with excessive fear of falling. The extrapyramidal, frontal lobe, and limbic systems apparently play an important role, to different degrees, in what can be viewed as a multisystem neurodegenerative syndrome clearly different from "aging."

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Section: ■ Neuro-motor Functionmentioning

confidence: 64%

Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with a cautious gait of unknown origin

et al. 2005

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“…30–32 Pickwell 30 found that the percentage of individuals in an urban population with convergence insufficiency increased gradually until around the age of 55–60, with a marked increase from about 25% at 55 years to over 60% in the elderly. In addition, Oguro et al 31 assessed the convergence of 113 healthy individuals and found that reduced convergence increased with age, affecting around 70% of individuals in their eighties.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Types, and Lifetime Risk of Adult-Onset Strabismus

et al. 2014

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Objective To describe the incidence and types of adult-onset strabismus in a geographically defined population. Design Retrospectively reviewed population-based cohort. Participants All adult (≥19 years of age) residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota diagnosed with new-onset adult strabismus from January 1, 1985, through December 31, 2004. Methods The medical records of all potential cases identified by the resources of the Rochester Epidemiology Project were reviewed. Main Outcome Measures Incidence rates for adult-onset strabismus and its types. Results Seven hundred fifty-three cases of new-onset adult strabismus were identified during the twenty-year period, yielding an annual age- and gender-adjusted incidence rate of 54.1 cases (95% confidence interval 50.2–58.0) per 100,000 individuals ≥ 19 years of age. The four most common types of new-onset strabismus were paralytic (44.2% of cases), convergence insufficiency (15.7%), small angle hypertropia (13.3%), and divergence insufficiency (10.6%). The incidence of adult-onset strabismus overall and its four most common forms significantly increased with age (p<0.001 for all), with a peak incidence in the eighth decade of life. The lifetime risk of being diagnosed with adult-onset strabismus was 4.0% in females and 3.9% in males. Conclusions Paralytic strabismus was the most common subtype of new-onset adult strabismus in this population-based cohort. All of the most common forms of adult-onset strabismus increased with age, especially after the sixth decade of life. Further characterization of strabismus types found in this study is warranted to better define this common disorder.

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“…Any analysis of limited vertical saccadic range in PSP must take into account the late age of onset of this disorder, since progressive limitation of the vertical range of eye movements, especially upward, occurs in healthy subjects after age 60 years (Clark and Isenberg, 2001; Oguro et al, 2004). This limitation has been attributed to biomechanical changes in the orbital fascia (Clark and Demer, 2002).…”

Section: Fast Eye Movements: Saccades and Quick Phases Of Nystagmusmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Disturbance of Gaze in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Implications for Pathogenesis

Chen¹,

Riley²,

King³

et al. 2010

Front. Neur.

108

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Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a disease of later life that is currently regarded as a form of neurodegenerative tauopathy. Disturbance of gaze is a cardinal clinical feature of PSP that often helps clinicians to establish the diagnosis. Since the neurobiology of gaze control is now well understood, it is possible to use eye movements as investigational tools to understand aspects of the pathogenesis of PSP. In this review, we summarize each disorder of gaze control that occurs in PSP, drawing on our studies of 50 patients, and on reports from other laboratories that have measured the disturbances of eye movements. When these gaze disorders are approached by considering each functional class of eye movements and its neurobiological basis, a distinct pattern of eye movement deficits emerges that provides insight into the pathogenesis of PSP. Although some aspects of all forms of eye movements are affected in PSP, the predominant defects concern vertical saccades (slow and hypometric, both up and down), impaired vergence, and inability to modulate the linear vestibulo-ocular reflex appropriately for viewing distance. These vertical and vergence eye movements habitually work in concert to enable visuomotor skills that are important during locomotion with the hands free. Taken with the prominent early feature of falls, these findings suggest that PSP tauopathy impairs a recently evolved neural system concerned with bipedal locomotion in an erect posture and frequent gaze shifts between the distant environment and proximate hands. This approach provides a conceptual framework that can be used to address the nosological challenge posed by overlapping clinical and neuropathological features of neurodegenerative tauopathies.

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Decline of Vertical Gaze and Convergence with Aging

Cited by 35 publications

References 18 publications

Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with a cautious gait of unknown origin

Clinical characteristics of elderly patients with a cautious gait of unknown origin

Incidence, Types, and Lifetime Risk of Adult-Onset Strabismus

The Disturbance of Gaze in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy: Implications for Pathogenesis

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