Decline of radial growth in red oaks is associated with short‐term changes in climate

Tainter, F. H.; Retzlaff, William; Starkey, Dale; Oak, S. W.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.1990.tb01277.x

Cited by 47 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…A current summer mean temperature signal is present, but it is largely confined to the northern portion of the mountain range and shows much weaker significance regionally. These results contrast with other northern red oak dendroclimatic studies from low-to mid-elevation closedcanopy forest stands across the Southern Appalachian region which have found significant summer drought sensitivity, and indicates that water stress is the dominant control on ring-width variability at lower elevations (e.g., Tainter et al, 1984Tainter et al, , 1990Pan et al, 1997;Speer et al, 2009). On the other hand, at its northern range limits, northern red oak ring-width has shown significant sensitivity to both summer drought (e.g., Conciatori, 2006a, 2006b;Tardif et al, 2006) and winter temperature (e.g., Pederson et al, 2004).…”

Section: Climate-driven Control On Northern Red Oak Ring-width Variabcontrasting

confidence: 55%

“…Northern red oak, a deciduous species that occupies low-to high-elevation sites across the Southern Appalachian mountain range, has received considerable attention in dendroclimatic research (e.g., Tainter et al, 1990;Pan et al, 1997;Fekedulegn et al, 2003;Speer et al, 2009); however, these studies were based on tree-ring records from lower elevation closed-canopy stands where climate is less variable and often markedly differs from higher elevation regions (Konrad, 1996). In this paper, a collection of six open-canopy high-elevation northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) ring-width records are evaluated for the presence of a common climate-driven growth signal across the Southern Appalachian mountain range in the southeastern United States.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do High-Elevation Northern Red Oak Tree-Rings Share a Common Climate-Driven Growth Signal?

Crawford

2012

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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Section: Climate-driven Control On Northern Red Oak Ring-width Variabcontrasting

confidence: 55%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do High-Elevation Northern Red Oak Tree-Rings Share a Common Climate-Driven Growth Signal?

Crawford

2012

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

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“…The high electrical conductivity of soils below oaks which could indicate mobility of N compounds as nitrate due to flooding events is also remarkable, explaining the similar N soil data observed in both tree species, or increased salinity and reduced availability for some important nutrients such as P (Table 4). In sites with nutrient-poor or shallow soils, oaks with canopy dieback (defoliation above 60%) show low growth rates and reach a threshold in their ability to recover after drought [65,[74][75][76].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drought Decreases Growth and Increases Mortality of Coexisting Native and Introduced Tree Species in a Temperate Floodplain Forest

Colangelo

Camarero

Ripullone

et al. 2018

Forests

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Forest dieback and mortality events induced by drought stress are widely reported. However, few studies have jointly examined the role played by drought on growth and mortality in tree species inhabiting floodplain forests. Here, we focused on mortality events occurring since the early 2000s on large areas in a floodplain forest located within the Ticino regional park in Northwest Italy, where affected native (pedunculate oak, Quercus robur L.) and introduced tree species (black locust, Robinia pseudoacacia L.) coexist. We related growth with climate data and drought severity to discern if these species were similarly affected by drought. Then, we: (i) evaluated the presence of pathogens of the genus Phytophthora in recently dead oak trees since this was the most affected species and pathogens are often associated with oak decline cases; and (ii) compared xylem vessel diameter and tree-ring C isotope discrimination (δ 13 C) to highlight differences in water-use strategies between living and dead trees in both species. The radial growth of living and dead trees started diverging in the 1970s, although only after warm-drought periods occurred during 1990s did this divergence become significant. Growth of trees that died responded more negatively to drought than in the case of living trees. Moreover, trees that died formed smaller xylem vessels in the past than living trees and also showed more negative δ 13 C values in both tree species, indicating a higher intrinsic water-use efficiency in living than in dead trees. The pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi Rands was only detected in one recently dead tree, suggesting that it is unlikely that dead oaks were predisposed to drought damage by the pathogen. We conclude that a climate shift from wet to warm-dry summer conditions in the early 1990s triggered forest dieback and induced mortality in both tree species. Temperate floodplain forests are susceptible to drought-induced dieback. The drought-sensitivity of both species could lead to successional shifts driven by a reduction of N inputs through N-fixing by black locust and the replacement of oak by drought-tolerant species.

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“…Although the strength of evidence was low, we did identify a negative effect of SI (in the context of the additive model) on BAI resilience during the second drought. Positive relationships between BAI recovery and BAI resilience and SI during the first drought and BAI resistance and SI during the second drought confirms that northern red oak growth during and after drought is reduced to a greater degree on poorly versus highly productive sites (Tainter et al 1990). These positive relationships between drought indices and SI are likely related to the fact that SI is negatively correlated with soil moisture deficit (Klinka and Carter 1990;Kayahara et al 1997;Chen et al 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Drought response of upland oak (Quercus L.) species in Appalachian hardwood forests of the southeastern USA

Keyser

Brown

2016

Annals of Forest Science

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Abstract& Key message In Appalachian hardwood forests, density, stem size, and productivity affected growth during drought for red oak, but not white oak species. Minor effects of density suggest that a single low thinning does little to promote drought resilience for oaks in the region. & Context Management is increasingly focused on promoting resilience to disturbance. Because stand density can modulate climate-growth relationships, thinning may be an adaptation strategy that promotes resistance/resilience to drought. & Aims We examined how density, manipulated via thinning, stem size, and site productivity, influences the drought response of northern red, black, chestnut, and white oak. & Methods We modeled the role of density, stem size, and site productivity on resistance, recovery, and resilience during two drought events. & Results Chestnut and white oak displayed greater resistance, recovery, and/or resilience than did northern red and black oak. For black oak, density and stem size negatively affected resistance during the first and second drought, respectively. Density, stem size, and site productivity had no effect on chestnut and white oak. & Conclusion The lack of sensitivity of chestnut and white oak to the ranges of density, stem size, and site productivity observed in this study and generally better resistance, recovery, and resilience suggests that management focused on the maintenance of these species, as opposed to a single silvicultural low thinning, may be a possible strategy for sustaining the growth and productivity of oak species in Appalachian hardwood stands. Drought response as affected by alternative thinning interventions should be evaluated.

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Decline of radial growth in red oaks is associated with short‐term changes in climate

Cited by 47 publications

References 6 publications

Do High-Elevation Northern Red Oak Tree-Rings Share a Common Climate-Driven Growth Signal?

Do High-Elevation Northern Red Oak Tree-Rings Share a Common Climate-Driven Growth Signal?

Drought Decreases Growth and Increases Mortality of Coexisting Native and Introduced Tree Species in a Temperate Floodplain Forest

Drought response of upland oak (Quercus L.) species in Appalachian hardwood forests of the southeastern USA

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