Decline of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels 6 Months after Complete BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers to Levels Observed Following the First Vaccine Dose

Rode, Oktavija Đaković; Bodulić, Kristian; Zember, Sanja; Balent, Nataša Cetinić; Novokmet, Anđa; Čulo, Marija; Rašić, Željka; Mikulić, Radojka; Markotić, Alemka

doi:10.3390/vaccines10020153

Cited by 24 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…With respect to long-term humoral immunity after vaccination, several studies among health care workers have reported that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies progressively decline up to 6 months after vaccination [ 3 , 4 , 37 , 38 ]. Studies of HD patients in Germany showed that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers peaked 1 month after the second vaccination in dialysis patients and declined to approximately 50% of peak values 3–4 months later [ 5 , 23 , 39 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent with this previous report, the results of the present study demonstrated that SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers in Japanese HD patients were significantly lower (approximately one-third) than those in healthy controls 6 months after receiving the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine. With respect to factors associated with long-term antibody titers, studies among health care workers have shown that low antibody titers 6 months after vaccination are related to age, immunosuppressive medications, low initial doses of vaccine, and low peak values 1 month after vaccination [ 3 , 38 ]. In dialysis patients, age, use of immunosuppressive agents, low albumin levels, and low hemoglobin levels are reportedly associated with low antibody titers 6 months after vaccination [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Japan

et al. 2022

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Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccination is shown to prevent severe illness and death in hemodialysis (HD) patients, but the immune response to vaccines is reduced in this population. This study compared SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers between HD patients and healthy controls in Japan for up to 6 months following vaccination. Methods A multi-institutional retrospective study at five clinics in Japan was conducted using 412 HD patients and 156 healthy controls who received two doses of the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) mRNA vaccine. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 IgG antibody titers were measured at 1, 3, and 6 months after the second dose. The attenuation speed was calculated as slope (i.e., – β ) using a linear mixed-effects model toward the log-transformed antibody titers. Results The HD group had significantly lower month 1 antibody titers (Ab-titer-1) than the controls, and these remained lower through month 6 (95% CI: 2617.1 (1296.7, 5240.8) vs. 7285.4 (4403.9, 11,000.0) AU/mL at Ab-titer-1, and 353.4 (178.4, 656.3) vs. 812.0 (498.3, 1342.7) AU/mL at Ab-titer-6 ( p < 0.001, respectively)). Lower log Ab-titer-1 levels in the HD group were significantly associated with a lower log Ab-titer–6 (0.90 [0.83, 0.97], p < 0.001). The – β values in the HD patients and healthy controls were –4.7 ± 1.1 and –4.7 ± 1.4 (year −1 ), respectively. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers were significantly lower in HD patients than in healthy controls at 1 (peak) and 6 months after the second vaccination. Low peak antibody titers contributed to low 6-month antibody titers. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10157-022-02243-8.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Japan

et al. 2022

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“…Nevertheless, neutralizing assays are complex and time-consuming and anti-S IgG titers are commonly used as surrogate marker to understand efficacy and durability of vaccine administration [19][20][21]. A recent paper reported a consistent correlation between these parameters, indicating that specific antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 are time-dependent [22]. Six months after the first cycle of vaccination with BNT162b2, the immune humoral responses waned especially in men, individuals older than 65 years and among individuals with immunosuppression [23].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Humoral Responses after the Second Dose of mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Residents of a Long Term Care Facility

et al. 2022

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Residents of long-term care facilities (LTCFs) have been dramatically hit by the COVID-19 pandemic on a global scale as older age and comorbidities pose an increased risk of severe disease and death. The aim of the study was to assess the quantity and durability of specific antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 after the first cycle (two doses) of BNT162b2 vaccine. To achieve this, SARS-CoV-2 Spike-specific IgG (S-IgG) titers was evaluated in 432 residents of the largest Italian LTCF at months 2 and 6 after vaccination. By stratifying levels of humoral responses as high, medium, low and null, we did not find any difference when comparing the two time points; however, the median levels of antibodies halved overtime. As positive nucleocapsid serology was associated with a reduced risk of a suboptimal response at both time points, we conducted separate analyses accordingly. In subjects with positive serology, the median level of anti-S IgG slightly increased at the second time point, while a significant reduction was observed in patients without previous exposure to the virus. At month 6, diabetes alone was associated with an increased risk of impaired response. Our data provide additional insights into the longitudinal dynamics of the immune response to BNT162b2 vaccination in the elderly, highlighting the need for SARS-CoV-2 antibody monitoring following third-dose administration.

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“…So this indicator may have prognostic value in developing vaccination recommendations for some groups of individuals. However, further research is needed to elucidate the relationship between specific IgG and infection protection [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adverse Events and Immunogenicity of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Workers: A Single-Centre Experience

et al. 2022

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Background and Objectives: The safety and effectiveness of vaccines are among the key priorities in COVID-19 pandemic management. Moreover, evidence-based data regarding vaccine safety and immunogenicity can play an important role in building the trust of the community regarding vaccination. The aim of this study was to investigate the safety and immunogenicity of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine among healthcare workers in one hospital, 21 days after first dose. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the Hospital of the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences between February and March 2021. Hospital employees who arrived to receive the second dose of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine 21 days after the first one were invited to participate in the study: they were asked to complete an anonymous adverse events questionnaire and were offered a SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM rapid test. The study was performed at a single point, 21 days after the first dose of the vaccine. Results: Data of 4181 vaccine recipients were analysed. The first vaccine dose was associated with a 53.6% incidence of adverse events, mainly local reactions. Adverse events occurred more frequently in younger participants and women. Moderate adverse events were experienced by 1.4% of the vaccine recipients; 6.2% were incapacitated. Of the 3439 participants who performed a rapid IgG test, 94.5% were positive for IgG antibodies after the first vaccine dose. Seroconversion rates were lower in participants older than 47 years. Conclusions: Despite 1.4% moderate adverse events, no safety concerns or anaphylaxis were identified. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine induced an immune response in the overwhelming majority of recipients after a single dose. Younger participants experienced adverse events and were positive for IgG antibodies more frequently than older counterparts. It is important to mention that this study specifically considered short-term safety and reactions following vaccination and that long-term adverse effects were not investigated in the study. Thus, future research into both long-term adverse reactions and immune system programming is essential.

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Decline of Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG Antibody Levels 6 Months after Complete BNT162b2 Vaccination in Healthcare Workers to Levels Observed Following the First Vaccine Dose

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Japan

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers 6 months after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination among patients undergoing hemodialysis in Japan

Durability of Humoral Responses after the Second Dose of mRNA BNT162b2 Vaccine in Residents of a Long Term Care Facility

Adverse Events and Immunogenicity of mRNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine among Healthcare Workers: A Single-Centre Experience

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