Decline in the prevalence of dental fluorosis among South Australian children

Do, Loc; Spencer, A. John

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0528.2007.00314.x

Cited by 39 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…The development of caries is often represented as a trade-off between protective factors and risk factors. On the protective side, there has been a substantial shift among younger children towards the use of low fluoride toothpaste, 24 there is increased consumption of non-public water (e.g., bottled and, to a lesser extent, tank water) and manufactured beverages leading to reduced consumption of optimally fluoridated tap water, 23 and the time between visits to the SDS has either been lengthening as SDSs try to make do with increasingly limited budgets, or been eliminated as SDSs move from universal coverage to targeted treatment. On the risk side, even though there has been continued reductions in per capita sugar consumption reported up to the end of the 1990s, 25 mean energy intake of 10-15-year-old girls and boys actually increased by 11 and 15 per cent respectively between 1985 and 1995 26 with refined sugar being an important contributor to dietary energy among Australian children.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quarter of a century of change: caries experience in Australian children, 1977–2002

Armfield

Spencer

2008

Australian Dental Journal

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Background: The establishment of the evaluation programme of the Australian School Dental Scheme has led to continuous surveillance of child oral health extending from 1977 to the present day. The aims of this study were to examine the state of child oral health in Australia in 2002 and to explore longer term trends across the quarter of a century of recorded surveillance activity.Methods: Caries data were obtained for children who were enrolled in the School Dental Services of each state and territory for the years 1977–2002. Data collection derived from routine examinations within the School Dental Service with oral examinations carried out by dentists and dental therapists.Results: There were considerable declines in caries experience between 1977 and the mid to late 1990s, with mean decayed, missing and filled deciduous teeth (dmft) for 6‐year‐old children decreasing from over 3 in 1977 to approximately 1.6 in 1996, and permanent 12‐year‐old decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT) decreasing from 4.8 in 1977 to 0.89 in 1998. However, since the mid to late 1990s, deciduous 6‐year‐old dmft has increased by 24 per cent and 12‐year‐old DMFT has increased by almost 15 per cent. Reductions in caries experience of those children with the most disease have also ceased, and between 1999 and 2002 an increase in the Significant Caries Index occurred.Conclusions: Improvements in the oral health of Australian children halted during the mid 1990s, after which caries experience has increased. It is important that we understand the changes taking place and their causes, so that action can be taken to halt any further possible declines in child oral health.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quarter of a century of change: caries experience in Australian children, 1977–2002

Armfield

Spencer

2008

Australian Dental Journal

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“…Parental questionnaires collected household income and household size to enable SES to be classified. Details of the study design and data collection process have been described elsewhere (Slade et al, 1995;Do and Spencer, 2007). These two CFS studies are referred to henceforth as the 1992/93 and 2002/03 studies.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trend of Income-related Inequality of Child Oral Health in Australia

Spencer

Slade

et al. 2010

J Dent Res

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It is important that we monitor socio-economic inequality in health. Inequality in child oral health has been expected to widen because of widening socio-economic inequality. This study aimed to evaluate trends in income-related inequality in caries experience of Australian children. Cross-sectional studies in 1992/93 and 2002/03 collected data on deciduous caries experience of 5- to 10-year-olds and permanent caries experience of 6- to 12-year-olds. Household composition and income was used to calculate quartiles of equivalized income. Slope Index of Inequality (SII), Concentration Index (CI), and regression-based rate ratios were used to quantify income-related inequality and to evaluate trends. Income-related inequality in caries experience was evident regardless of time and dentition. The three indicators of inequality indicate a significant increase in income-related inequality in child deciduous caries experience during the decade. The income inequality in permanent caries experience did not change significantly. Income inequalities increased in deciduous teeth, but not in permanent teeth, among Australian children.

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“…Those who failed to attend their appointment were contacted again for another appointment. A total of 677 children were examined for fluorosis [Do and Spencer, 2007a]. Of those, 571 children had an examination for caries at an SDS clinic at the age of 8 or 9 years.…”

Section: Sample Selection Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Children were selected randomly by date of birth based on sampling ratios calculated for each stratum based on targeted number and visiting rate in each stratum. The South Australian component of the COHS, conducted during 2002-2004, served as a subject pool for a nested study to investigate fluorosis experience in the population [Do and Spencer, 2007a].…”

Section: Sample Selection Of the Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between Dental Caries and Fluorosis among South Australian Children

Spencer²,

Ha³

2009

Caries Res

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There is an ongoing debate whether early exposure to fluoride is necessary. The effect of early exposure to fluoride needs to be understood to inform the appropriate population oral health policy. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of systemic fluoride intake in early childhood on caries experience of the permanent dentition observed at the age of 8 or 9 years, controlling for the effects of topical exposures to fluoride at the age of 5 years. The fluorosis experience of children was used as a proxy indicator for early exposure to fluoride, while exposures to fluoride at the age of 5 years, which were collected retrospectively, were used to control for the topical effect on permanent caries experience of the same children. Caries experience recorded at 8 or 9 years of age of 571 children was compared between groups with or without fluorosis. Bivariate analysis and multivariate analysis controlling for exposures to fluoride at the age of 5 years and other potential contributory factors were conducted. A quarter of the sample had very mild to mild fluorosis, while 15% had caries experience in the permanent dentition. Multivariate models showed that children who did not have fluorosis had a higher prevalence and severity of caries compared to those with fluorosis after controlling for other factors. In conclusion, there was a significant negative association between fluorosis status and caries experience in the permanent dentition.

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Decline in the prevalence of dental fluorosis among South Australian children

Cited by 39 publications

References 10 publications

Quarter of a century of change: caries experience in Australian children, 1977–2002

Quarter of a century of change: caries experience in Australian children, 1977–2002

Trend of Income-related Inequality of Child Oral Health in Australia

Association between Dental Caries and Fluorosis among South Australian Children

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