Decline in the Incidence of Schizophrenia in Finnish Cohorts Born From 1954 to 1965

Suvisaari, Jaana; Haukka, Jari; Tanskanen, Antti; Lönnqvist, Jouko

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.8.733

Cited by 130 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 65 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…The incidence of schizophrenia in Finland has declined in cohorts born between 1954 and 1965 (Suvisaari et al 1999). In the 1980s, first admission rates due to schizophrenia decreased with only slightly increase thereafter (Salokangas et al 2011).…”

Section: Time Trends In the Incidence Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Results of previous incidence studies of psychosis over time in high-income countries since 1960s have been inconsistent, some reporting a decline (Takei et al 1996;Brewin et al 1997;Suvisaari et al 1999;Ösby et al 2001) increase (Häfner & an der Heiden 1986;Bamrah et al 1991) or no change in incidence (Allardyce et al 2000;Kirkbride et al 2009). Studies from the Nottingham, England reported greater variety of psychotic diagnoses in cohort 1992-1994compared with 1978-1980(Brewin et al 1997 and increase in other non-affective psychoses (away from schizophrenia) over three time periods (1978-1980, 1993-1995 and 1997-1999) (Kirkbride et al 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…more underweight newborns in rural Eastern and Northern regions) and genetic predisposition (Perälä et al 2008). Suvisaari et al (1999) identified a decline in the incidence of schizophrenia in Finland in the period 1954-1965and Haukka et al (2001 found that urban birth increased incidence in cohorts born since 1955.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

Filatova

Marttila

Koivumaa‐Honkanen

et al. 2016

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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Aims. Few studies have compared time trends for the incidence of psychosis. To date, the results have been inconsistent, showing a decline, an increase or no significant change. As far as we know, no studies explored changes in prevalence of early risk factors. The aim of this study was to investigate differences in early risk factors and cumulative incidences of psychosis by type of psychosis in two comparable birth cohorts.Methods. The Northern Finland Birth cohorts (NFBCs) 1966 (N = 12 058) and 1986 (N = 9432) are prospective general population-based cohorts with the children followed since mother's mid-pregnancy. The data for psychoses, i.e. schizophrenia (narrow, spectrum), bipolar disorder with psychotic features, major depressive episode with psychotic features, brief psychosis and other psychoses (ICD 8-10) were collected from nationwide registers including both inpatients and outpatients. The data on early risk factors including sex and place of birth of the offspring, parental age and psychosis, maternal education at birth were prospectively collected from the population registers. The follow-up reached until the age of 27 years.Results. An increase in the cumulative incidence of all psychoses was seen (1.01% in NFBC 1966 v. 1.90% in NFBC 1986; p < 0.001), which was due to an increase in diagnosed affective and other psychoses. Earlier onset of cases and relatively more psychoses in women were observed in the NFBC 1986. Changes in prevalence of potential early risk factors were identified, but only parental psychosis was a significant predictor in both cohorts (hazard ratios ≥3.0; 95% CI 1.86-4.88). The difference in psychosis incidence was not dependent on changes in prevalence of studied early risk factors. Conclusions. Surprisingly, increase in the cumulative incidence of psychosis and also changes in the types of psychoses were found between two birth cohorts 20 years apart. The observed differences could be due to real changes in incidence or they can be attributable to changes in diagnostic practices, or to early psychosis detection and treatment.

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Section: Time Trends In the Incidence Of Schizophreniamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

Filatova

Marttila

Koivumaa‐Honkanen

et al. 2016

Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci

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“…It has also been suggested that the start of influenza immunization may have been responsible for a reduction in the rate of schizophrenia beginning in the 1950s. 118 Evidence like this has been used in support of suggestions that greater coverage of the pregnant population with wide-ranging immunization would decrease the incidence of schizophrenia in the general population. McGrath and colleagues 50 have calculated that almost 44% of the schizophrenia cases in a Danish cohort may have been due to nonoptimal neonatal vitamin D levels.…”

Section: Preventionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predicting Risk and the Emergence of Schizophrenia

Clarke

Kelleher

Clancy

et al. 2012

Psychiatric Clinics of North America

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“…In literature, at the general population level, the age-specific incidence of schizophrenia is highest in the early 20s and decreases with age [23][24][25][26] . However, a recent study conducted in Finland suggests that increasing age does not decrease the risk of schizophrenia up to age of 40 27 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First admissions for psychoses in Eastern Piedmont-Italy

et al. 2009

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-Background and Objectives: 1) To identify the sociodemographic, anamnestic characteristics and presentation symptoms of patients, at the time of first hospitalization, associated with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenic versus non-schizophrenic psychoses; 2) to define risk factors, at the time of the first admission, for a rehospitalization, regardless of reasons for readmission; 3) to assess the diagnostic stability between first and second hospitalization.Methods: This study includes 245 patients first admitted to the University Psychiatric Clinic of Novara in a period of seven years, discharged with a diagnosis of psychosis as reported in the Discharge Register (ICD-9-CM codes 290-299). Data were collected by consulting medical records and registers of community-based services of the South Novara Mental Health Department. A logistic regression model was used to determine the characteristics associated with a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia. The relationship between the risk of rehospitalization and patients characteristics was studied using Cox's regression analysis.Results: Risk factors for a discharge diagnosis of schizophrenia were age, compulsory admission, positive symptoms, and previous non-psychotic psychiatric episodes. Risk factors for rehospitalization were a diagnosis of schizophrenia, an age of less than 40 years, the absence of a stable affective relationship, and living with the family of origin. The 92% of the patients diagnosed as schizophrenic on the first hospitalization had the same diagnosis on readmission.Conclusions: Schizophrenia differs from other psychoses in terms of the greater prevalence of both some symptomatological characteristics and an history of previous non psy- Background and objectives

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Decline in the Incidence of Schizophrenia in Finnish Cohorts Born From 1954 to 1965

Abstract: The incidence of schizophrenia has declined in Finland. This was partly caused by confounding factors, as reflected in the significant period effect. The significant birth cohort effect suggests that the intensity or frequency of one or more risk factors for schizophrenia has decreased.

Cited by 130 publications

References 65 publications

A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

A comparison of the cumulative incidence and early risk factors for psychotic disorder in young adults in the Northern Finland Birth Cohorts 1966 and 1986

Predicting Risk and the Emergence of Schizophrenia

First admissions for psychoses in Eastern Piedmont-Italy

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