Decline in sex ratio at birth after 10-day war in Slovenia: Brief communication

Zorn, Branko; Šučur, Veselin; Stare, Janez; Meden‐Vrtovec, Helena

doi:10.1093/humrep/17.12.3173

Cited by 121 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Or it could be the case that women who feel that they do not yet have "enough" sons are both more likely to become pregnant irrespective of high conflict intensity and less likely to report the birth of a girl. Going from mean in utero exposure in the low-intensity district group to the high-intensity group (i.e., an increase of 0.009 monthly average casualties per 1000 inhabitants) leads to an increase in the probability of a female birth by 1.8 ppt, which is comparable to estimates in Zorn et al (2002) (1.4 ppt) and in Ansari-Lari & Saadat (2002) (between 1 and 1.7 ppt).…”

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confidence: 74%

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Civil conflict, gender-specific fetal loss, and selection: A new test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis

Valente

2015

Journal of Health Economics

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A sizeable economics literature explores the effect of prenatal shocks on later health or socioeconomic status. Work in other disciplines, following the seminal contribution of Trivers & Willard (1973), suggests that prenatal shocks may increase fetal loss and reduce the number of boys relative to girls at birth. This has been largely ignored in the economics literature and could affect the interpretation of estimates of the effect of prenatal shocks and that of gender in other applied economics contexts. This paper analyzes the effect of in utero exposure to a shock -civil conflict in Nepal -on (i) fetal loss, and (ii) gender and (iii) health at birth. Maternal fixed effects estimates show that exposed pregnancies are more likely to result in a miscarriage and in a female birth, but exposed newborns are neither smaller nor more subject to neonatal mortality.JEL codes: I10, J13, O15

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confidence: 74%

“…Studies testing for changes in the sex-ratio following recent wars have found no effect (Polasek et al 2005) or found a decrease in the sex-ratio (Zorn et al (2002); Ansari-Lari & Saadat (2002)) when comparing the (unconditional) odds ratio of being male during the war compared to beforeand after the war.…”

Section: Civil Conflict and Maternal Conditionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Civil conflict, gender-specific fetal loss, and selection: A new test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis

Valente

2015

Journal of Health Economics

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“…The reasons for the discrepancy in the sex distribution at birth are uncertain, but a large number of factors have been implicated as influencing this ratio. 1,2 Factors that reduce the M/T ratio (i.e., lead to relatively fewer male births) include toxins, 1,2 privation and famine, 3 natural calamities, 4 short wars, 5 and elements that induce stress in populations. Examples of the latter include political events such as terrorist attacks, as evidenced in New York after the attacks of .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Secondary Sex Ratio at Birth Was Depressed in Quebec by the Sovereignty Referendums

Grech

2015

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada

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Introduction: Globally, male live births exceed female live births by approximately 3% . The secondary sex ratio is conventionally expressed as male births divided by total live births (M/T) . Many factors have been implicated as influencing this ratio, such as stress (including non-violent political events) and toxins, both of which reduce it . The Quebec government twice proposed referendums to its populace advising sovereignty . This study was carried out in order to ascertain whether the referendums had any effect on the M/T ratio in Quebec and in Canada as a whole .

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“…Factors known to influence the genetic sex of the newborn are: maternal age [1], birth order of the child [2] and stress due to natural disasters [3] or war [4]. Other factors, such as ethnicity [5,6], length of follicular phase [1,7,8] and, diabetes [7] are also suspected to change the sex ratio.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds and sperm Y:X chromosome ratio in two European populations and in Inuit from Greenland

Kvist

Giwercman

Jönsson

et al. 2012

Reproductive Toxicology

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This study investigated whether perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), which exhibit reproductive toxicity in experimental animals, affect sperm sex chromosome ratio.The Y:X ratio was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Serum concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were measured in 607 men from Greenland, Poland and Ukraine using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Data was analyzed by linear and nonlinear regression.We observed no associations between PFOA and Y:X ratio (p=0.845 in a linear model, p=0.296 in a nonlinear model). A positive nonlinear association between PFOS and Y:X ratio was observed (p=0.016), with no association in a linear model (p=0.118). Analyzing the populations separately, a negative trend between categorized PFOS exposure and Y:X ratio was observed for the Inuit (B=-0.002, p=0.044).In conclusion, there was a negative trend between Y:X ratio and PFOS in the Inuit, while there was no association between PFOA and the Y:X ratio in adult men.

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Decline in sex ratio at birth after 10-day war in Slovenia: Brief communication

Abstract: Acute psychological stress in relation to a short war in Slovenia resulted 6 to 9 months later in a decrease in the observed sex ratio at birth. Negative changes in sperm motility may be involved in the sex ratio modifications.

Cited by 121 publications

References 19 publications

Civil conflict, gender-specific fetal loss, and selection: A new test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis

Civil conflict, gender-specific fetal loss, and selection: A new test of the Trivers–Willard hypothesis

The Secondary Sex Ratio at Birth Was Depressed in Quebec by the Sovereignty Referendums

Serum levels of perfluorinated compounds and sperm Y:X chromosome ratio in two European populations and in Inuit from Greenland

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