Decline in Children’s Pulmonary Function during an Air Pollution Episode

Dassen, W; Brunekreef, Bert; Hoek, Gerard; Hofschreuder, P.; Staatsen, Brigit; Groot, Hugo de; Schouten, Evert G.; Biersteker, K.

doi:10.1080/00022470.1986.10466168

Cited by 114 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Except for consultations in the doctors' offices a small but consistent increase of mortality and morbidity during the smog period has been shown. It is also consistent with the data from children in the Netherlands (15), which showed a significant reduction of their lung function values during the smog episode (January 18, 1985) compared with baseline measurements. Furthermore, the results are supported by morphological and functional analysis of cells from the respiratory system of rats, which lived outdoors in the Ruhr District during the smog period (16).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Data on morbidity, mortality, ambient air pollution, and meteorologic variables were collected retrospectively for the period from January 1 to February 15,1985, but the analysis is restricted to the 6 complete weeks between January 3 and February 13. In the following discussion, we shall refer to the week from January 17 to 23 as the smog period.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale for this definition is the experience from earlier smog episodes, that health effects might follow with a delay of 1 to 2 days after the smog. The other 5 weeks (anuary [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16], January 24-February 13) are referred to as control period while the whole time interval (anuary 3-February 13) will be denoted as the period of observation. Due to a shorter time interval for data collection, the period of observation for ambulance transports is restricted to January 3-February 6. To allow for a comparison between areas with different degrees of pollution, the study was extended to the state of North-rhine Westfalia with about 16 million inhabitants, 6 million of them living in the polluted area, 4 million in an area with an intermediate degree of air pollution, and 6 million in the control area, which has a low degree of air pollution.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health effects during a smog episode in West Germany in 1985.

Wichmann

Mueller

Allhoff

et al. 1989

Environ Health Perspect

131

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In January 1985 a smog period occurred for 5 days in parts of West Germany, including the Rhur District. Mortality (24,000 death certificates), morbidity in hospitals (13,000 hospital admissions, 5400 outpatients, 1500 ambulance transports) and consultations in doctors' offices (1,250,000 contacts) were studied for a 6-week period including the smog episode and a time interval before and thereafter. The study region was the State of North Rhine-Westfalia (16 million inhabitants), but the analysis is restricted to the comparison of the polluted area and a control area (6 million inhabitants each). During the smog period, mortality and morbidity in hospitals increased in the polluted area, but there was no substantial increase in the control area. The increases were for the total number of deaths 8 vs. 2% (polluted area vs. control area), for hospital admissions 15 vs. 3%, for outpatients 12 vs. 5% and for deliveries by ambulance to hospitals 28% in the polluted area (not investigated in the control area). The effects were more pronounced for cardiovascular diseases than for respiratory diseases. The consultations in doctors' offices show a slight decrease (-2 vs. -4%). Regression analysis shows a moderate influence of temperature, but a strong influence of ambient air pollution. The maxima of the ambient concentrations are more important on the same day, whereas the influence of the daily averages is more pronounced after a delay of 2 days. The results are discussed considering other possible confounders such as indoor pollution and psychogenic influences of the alarm situation. In total, the study suggests moderate health effects due to increased air pollution during the smog episode.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Health effects during a smog episode in West Germany in 1985.

Wichmann

Mueller

Allhoff

et al. 1989

Environ Health Perspect

131

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“…In one study (7), the decrements were most strongly associated with 03 and were reported to persist for up to 1 week after a 4-day pollution episode having a mixture of pollutants including acid aerosols. Other recent studies indicate that persistent lung function decrements are observed in children after an air pollution episode where S02 and total suspended particulates exceeded 200 gg/m3 (12,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute lung function responses to ambient acid aerosol exposures in children.

Raizenne¹,

Burnett²,

Stern³

et al. 1989

Environ Health Perspect

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We examined the relationship between lung function changes and ambient acid aerosol episodes in children attending a residential summer camp. Young females (112) performed daily spirometry, and 96 were assessed on one occasion for airway hyperresponsiveness using a methacholine bronchoprovocation test. Air quality measurements were performed on site and four distinct acid aerosol episodes were observed during the 41-day study. The maximum values observed during the 41-day study were: 03 at 143 ppb; H2SO4 at 47.7 ,ug/m3; and [H+i at 550 nmole/m3. Maximum decrements of 3.5 and 7% for FEV1 and PEF, respectively, were observed to be associated with the air pollution episodes. There was some evidence of a differential lung function response to the episodes where children with a positive response to a methacholine challenge had larger decrements compared to their nonresponsive counterparts.

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“…Verificaram que os moradores das áreas mais poluídas apresentavam, em média, um fluxo expiratório inferior ao dos residentes na área controle, bem como exibiam taxas superiores de incidência de doenças respirató-rias agudas. Dassen et al (1986) mediram a função pulmonar de 636 crianças holandesas entre 6 e 11 anos, durante e após um episódio agudo de intensa poluição de cinco dias de duração, e concluíram ter havido queda transitória da função pulmonar dos escolares. Esta queda ainda era percebida 16 dias após o episódio, embora 25 dias após já não fosse mais evidente.…”

Section: Os óXidos De Nitrogêniounclassified

Poluição do ar e doenças respiratórias: uma revisão

Duchiade

1992

Cad. Saúde Pública

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Embora saiba-se de longa data que o fumo é o principal poluente de ar lesivo às vias respiratórias, ainda não se estabeleceu o mesmo consenso a respeito dos efeitos dos demais poluentes atmosféricos sobre a saúde. Nesta revisão, buscou-se organizar as referências recentes a respeito de ação de diversos agentes poluidores sobre a saúde respiratória, tais como as partículas em suspensão, os óxidos de nitrogênio, os sulfatos e o ozônio, entre outros. A maioria dos estudos baseou-se em dados de mortalidade, sobretudo de adultos, apesar de já existirem trabalhos que investigam também os efeitos na morbidade, tanto de adultos quanto de crianças. Os primeiros estudos foram feitos em Londres e, posteriormente, em Nova York, mas atualmente inúmeros outros grupos canadenses, norte-americanos e europeus têm se debruçado sobre a questão. Tentou-se ainda rever os vários estudos nacionais a respeito do tema, de modo a fornecer um panorama geral dos conhecimentos disponíveis até o momento.

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Decline in Children’s Pulmonary Function during an Air Pollution Episode

Cited by 114 publications

References 3 publications

Health effects during a smog episode in West Germany in 1985.

Health effects during a smog episode in West Germany in 1985.

Acute lung function responses to ambient acid aerosol exposures in children.

Poluição do ar e doenças respiratórias: uma revisão

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