Decline in Child Marriage and Changes in Its Effect on Reproductive Outcomes in Bangladesh

Kamal, S. M. Mostafa

doi:10.3329/jhpn.v30i3.12296

Cited by 65 publications

(89 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Studies have described the importance of changing attitudes toward harmful traditional practices (Boyden, Parkhurst, & Tafere, 2012; Kamal, 2012), but the authors noted it is challenging to quantify the relationship between attitudes and the change in actual norm or practice. It is also important to highlight that changes in attitudes may not always positively impact actual norms, roles, or practice.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of sex, age and education on attitudes towards gender inequitable norms and practices in South Sudan

Scott

Hacker

Averbach

et al. 2014

Global Public Health

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Background Prolonged conflict in South Sudan exacerbated gender disparities and inequities. This study assessed differences in attitudes toward gender inequitable norms and practices by sex, age, and education to inform programming. Methods Applying community-based participatory research methodology, 680 adult respondents, selected by quota sampling, were interviewed in seven South Sudanese communities from 2009 to 2011. The verbally administered survey assessed attitudes using the Gender Equitable Men scale. Data were stratified by sex, age, and education. Results Of 680 respondents, 352 were female, 326 were male, and two did not report their sex. The majority of respondents agreed with gender inequitable household roles, but the majority disagreed with gender inequitable practices (i.e. early marriage, forced marriage, and inequitable education of girls). Respondents who reported no education were more likely than those who reported any education to agree with gender inequitable practices (all p<0.03) except for forced marriage (p=0.07), and few significant differences were observed when these responses were stratified by sex and age. Conclusion The study reveals agreement with gender inequitable norms in the household, but an overall disagreement with gender inequitable practices in sampled communities. The findings support that education of both women and men may promote gender equitable norms and practices.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of sex, age and education on attitudes towards gender inequitable norms and practices in South Sudan

Scott

Hacker

Averbach

et al. 2014

Global Public Health

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“…A 5-point increase in BMI increases neonatal mortality by 15% [1]. Education of young girls is a key to these issues [2,3]. Antenatal steroids should be administered from 23-24 weeks gestational age dependent on local guidelines.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delivery Room Management of Term and Preterm Newly Born Infants

Saugstad¹

2015

Neonatology

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Delivery room management, especially in the first ‘golden' minute, is of the utmost importance. An exact and universal definition of when a baby is born is needed to obtain agreement on what is meant by the first minute of life. Education of young girls is a basic requirement to optimize the health of the mother and baby. Interventions in pregnancy should as far as possible be evidence based. Antenatal care, the selection of birth mode and antenatal steroid therapy when indicated also contribute to obtaining the best outcome. Delayed cord clamping is recommended for both preterm and term infants. However, more data are needed regarding the most immature infants. Routine suctioning of the mouth and airways is not required. Thermal control is important - keep the temperature in the delivery room at 26°C and wrap infants <28 weeks of gestation in plastic. However, this procedure does not reduce mortality. Since delayed cord clamping increases mean birth weight by approximately 30 g/kg, the present birth weight charts based on early clamping need to be corrected. Preterm infants in need of ventilatory support should start with CPAP from the first breath. A T-piece device seems to have some advantages compared to self-inflating bags. Surfactant instillation is often not needed prophylactically provided the mother has received antenatal steroids. Less invasive methods for administering surfactant may be useful. If ventilatory support is needed, start with air in term and near-term infants. For babies of 29-33 weeks of gestation start with 21-30% oxygen and for infants <29 weeks start with 30% oxygen and adjust according to the response obtained.

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“…Marriage below the age of 18 years (i.e. early marriage) is negatively associated with education and positively associated with reproductive health problems such as non-contraception and high fertility, early, unplanned and unwanted pregnancies, shorter birth spacing and an increased risk of maternal and infant morbidity and mortality including sexually transmitted diseases [36-39]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels, Trends and Disparities in Public-Health-Related Indicators among Reproductive-Age Women in Bangladesh by Urban-Rural and Richest-Poorest Groups, 1993-2011

2013

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Background And ObjectivesAlthough Bangladesh has already achieved noticeable progress in the field of development and health, disparities in public health indicators for several markers are still reported. To assess public health development in Bangladesh during the last two decades, firstly, we analysed levels, trends and disparities in public-health-related indicators by rural versus urban as well as by the richest versus poorest group of women who have ever been married. Secondly, using the most recent data set we performed multiple analyses to check whether urban-rural and richest-poorest disparities were still significant.MethodsThe analysis was based on six nationally representative data sets from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) conducted in 1993-94 (n=9,640), 1996-1997 (n=9,127), 1999-2000 (n=10,544), 2004 (n=11,440), 2007 (n=10,996) and 2011 (n=17,749). The outcome variables were six selected public-health-related indicators. We performed various types of analyses, including multiple logistic regressions.ResultsThe trend of all indicators except being overweight (1993-2011) displayed gradual improvements for both markers. However, the urban and richest groups revealed a better situation than their counterparts in both simple and multiple analyses. Disparities between richest-poorest groups were more pronounced than urban-rural disparities. For instance, the prevalence of delivery at any healthcare facility in 2011 was 20.4% in rural areas and 46.5% in urban areas, whereas it was 9.1% in the poorest group and 57.6% in the richest group.ConclusionThe public health sector in Bangladesh has achieved some successes over the last two decades. However, urban-rural and richest-poorest disparities are still considerable and therefore more public health strategies and efforts are clearly needed for the rural and poorest groups of women in order to reduce these gaps further.

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Decline in Child Marriage and Changes in Its Effect on Reproductive Outcomes in Bangladesh

Cited by 65 publications

References 28 publications

Influences of sex, age and education on attitudes towards gender inequitable norms and practices in South Sudan

Influences of sex, age and education on attitudes towards gender inequitable norms and practices in South Sudan

Delivery Room Management of Term and Preterm Newly Born Infants

Levels, Trends and Disparities in Public-Health-Related Indicators among Reproductive-Age Women in Bangladesh by Urban-Rural and Richest-Poorest Groups, 1993-2011

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