Decline in bulk deposition of air pollutants in China lags behind reductions in emissions

Zhao, Yu; Xi, Mengxiao; Zhang, Qiang; Dong, Zhaoxin; Ma, Mingchao; Zhou, Kaiyue; Xu, Wen; Xing, Jia; Zheng, Bo; Wen, Zhang; Liu, Xuejun; Nielsen, Chris P.; Liu, Yang; Pan, Yuepeng; Zhang, Lei

doi:10.1038/s41561-022-00899-1

Cited by 42 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…We used the concurvity function in the R package mcgv to test the concurvity (a nonparametric analog of multicollinearity) between factors. The “Estimate” concurvity index of each factor lower than 0.5 indicates that the concurvity between factors is low (Zhao et al, 2022). Considering there might be inverse effects of an environmental factor at different levels on foliar δ 15 N or [N], we assessed whether there were breakpoints in the smooth item in GAMMs visually, and determined the breakpoints via comparing fitting values.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We performed dominance analysis to calculate the incremental R 2 ( IR 2 ) of each variable to foliar δ 15 N and foliar [N] (Azen & Budescu, 2003; Zhao et al, 2022). Single factors in the full GAMM were picked and fitted into the GAMM to develop a series of sub‐models (Zhao et al, 2022). The IR 2 of each environmental factor was derived via averaging all the difference between each possible sub‐model excluding or including the relevant factor.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…indicates that the concurvity between factors is low (Zhao et al, 2022). Considering there might be inverse effects of an environmental factor at different levels on foliar δ 15 N or [N], we assessed whether there were breakpoints in the smooth item in GAMMs visually, and determined the breakpoints via comparing fitting values.…”

Section: Data On Abiotic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers of foliar ¹⁵N trends in southern China over the last century

Tang

Liu

Gilliam

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Foliar stable nitrogen (N) isotopes (δ15N) generally reflect N availability to plants and have been used to infer about changes thereof. However, previous studies of temporal trends in foliar δ15N have ignored the influence of confounding factors, leading to uncertainties on its indication to N availability. In this study, we measured foliar δ15N of 1811 herbarium specimens from 12 plant species collected in southern China forests from 1920 to 2010. We explored how changes in atmospheric CO2, N deposition and global warming have affected foliar δ15N and N concentrations ([N]) and identified whether N availability decreased in southern China. Across all species, foliar δ15N significantly decreased by 0.82‰ over the study period. However, foliar [N] did not decrease significantly, implying N homeostasis in forest trees in the region. The spatiotemporal patterns of foliar δ15N were explained by mean annual temperature (MAT), atmospheric CO2 (PCO2), atmospheric N deposition, and foliar [N]. The spatiotemporal trends of foliar [N] were explained by MAT, temperature seasonality, PCO2, and N deposition. N deposition within the rates from 5.3 to 12.6 kg N ha−1 year−1 substantially contributed to the temporal decline in foliar δ15N. The decline in foliar δ15N was not accompanied by changes in foliar [N] and therefore does not necessarily reflect a decline in N availability. This is important to understand changes in N availability, which is essential to validate and parameterize biogeochemical cycles of N.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data On Abiotic Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Drivers of foliar ¹⁵N trends in southern China over the last century

Tang

Liu

Gilliam

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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“…Although China's anthropogenic emissions of SO 2 and NO x have decreased by 62% and 17% between 2010 and 2017, and the ambient air quality substantially improved especially during COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, but they rapidly returned to levels of 2019 due to accelerated industrial and economic activities afterward [34,35]. A recent study reported the emission and deposition of SO 2 and NO x in China using a generalized additive model that integrated multiple datasets [57]. The study showed that between 2005 and 2020 the emission of SO 2 and NO x had been steadily decreasing since 2011 but the decline of sulfate, nitrate and ammonium deposition lagged for several years and at a much slower rate [57].…”

Section: Lrt In East Asiamentioning

confidence: 99%

On the seasonality of long-range transport of acidic pollutants in East Asia

Chang

Wang

et al. 2022

Environ. Res. Lett.

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East Asia currently has the largest SO2 and NOx emissions in the world. The long-range transport (LRT) of acidic pollutants in this region is of great concern but the extent is not well understood. Here results from combined long-term ( 20 years) atmospheric deposition monitoring and air trajectory analysis in East Asia were reported. The results showed that despite the large decrease of SO2 and NOx emissions in Taiwan, annual deposition of non-sea-salt sulfate (nss-SO42-) in northern Taiwan showed no decreasing trend during 1994-2020. However, when divided seasonally, both nss-SO42- and nitrate (NO3-) deposition had a significant decreasing trend in the summer but not in the winter. Similar patterns were found for Japan and Korea. Air trajectory models in combination with a regional emission map indicate that LRT from eastern China contributed up to 70% of the winter deposition of nss-SO42- and NO3- in Taiwan and up to 50% in Japan and Korea. The results indicate that LRT obscured the efficacy of local pollution control measures in East Asia and suggest that transboundary air pollution regulations are required to combat acid deposition.

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Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”

et al. 2023

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Atmospheric chemistry research has been growing rapidly in China in the last 25 years since the concept of the “air pollution complex” was first proposed by Professor Xiaoyan TANG in 1997. For papers published in 2021 on air pollution (only papers included in the Web of Science Core Collection database were considered), more than 24 000 papers were authored or co-authored by scientists working in China. In this paper, we review a limited number of representative and significant studies on atmospheric chemistry in China in the last few years, including studies on (1) sources and emission inventories, (2) atmospheric chemical processes, (3) interactions of air pollution with meteorology, weather and climate, (4) interactions between the biosphere and atmosphere, and (5) data assimilation. The intention was not to provide a complete review of all progress made in the last few years, but rather to serve as a starting point for learning more about atmospheric chemistry research in China. The advances reviewed in this paper have enabled a theoretical framework for the air pollution complex to be established, provided robust scientific support to highly successful air pollution control policies in China, and created great opportunities in education, training, and career development for many graduate students and young scientists. This paper further highlights that developing and low-income countries that are heavily affected by air pollution can benefit from these research advances, whilst at the same time acknowledging that many challenges and opportunities still remain in atmospheric chemistry research in China, to hopefully be addressed over the next few decades.

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Decline in bulk deposition of air pollutants in China lags behind reductions in emissions

Cited by 42 publications

References 51 publications

Drivers of foliar ¹⁵N trends in southern China over the last century

Drivers of foliar ¹⁵N trends in southern China over the last century

On the seasonality of long-range transport of acidic pollutants in East Asia

Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”

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Decline in bulk deposition of air pollutants in China lags behind reductions in emissions

Cited by 42 publications

References 51 publications

Drivers of foliar 15N trends in southern China over the last century

Drivers of foliar 15N trends in southern China over the last century

On the seasonality of long-range transport of acidic pollutants in East Asia

Recent Progress in Atmospheric Chemistry Research in China: Establishing a Theoretical Framework for the “Air Pollution Complex”

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Drivers of foliar ¹⁵N trends in southern China over the last century

Drivers of foliar ¹⁵N trends in southern China over the last century