“…Both the public and service sectors were centralized in Sweden during the 1980s, and this led to people moving from rural to urban areas (Hedlund and Lundholm, 2015). The same trend in decreased rural populations at this time was also seen in, for example, mining villages in northern Sweden (Carson et al, 2020), and in many other countries too, for example in Ireland (Cawley, 1994), Australia (Carson et al, 2016), France (Laménie, 2016), and the USA (Johnson and Lichter, 2019).…”