Declarative and Procedural Memory Functioning in Abstinent Cocaine Abusers

Gorp, Wilfred G. van; Wilkins, Jeffery N.; Hinkin, Charles H.; Moore, Lawrence H.; Hull, James W.; Horner, Michael David; Plotkin, David

doi:10.1001/archpsyc.56.1.85

Cited by 93 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Physiologic studies have shown decreased metabolism in the orbitofrontal cortex (Volkow et al, 1988) and increased cerebrovascular resistance in the arteries that supply the PFC (Herning et al, 1999). Some reports of neuropsychological testing in cocaine using subjects have identified decreased performance on tests that require the support of prefrontal structures (Ardila et al, 1991;Berry et al, 1993;Beatty et al, 1995;van Gorp et al, 1999;Di Sclafani et al, 2002). A relationship between the amount of cocaine consumed and neuropsychological deficits in attention, planning, mental flexibility, executive function, and psychomotor function have been reported (Bolla et al, 1998(Bolla et al, , 1999(Bolla et al, , 2000.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Streeter

Terhune

Whitfield

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

168

128

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Treatment dropout is a problem of great prevalence and stands as an obstacle to recovery in cocaine-dependent (CD) individuals. Treatment attrition in CD individuals may result from impairments in cognitive control, which can be reliably measured by the Stroop color-word interference task. The present analyses contrasted baseline performance on the color-naming, word-reading, and interference subtests of the Stroop task in CD subjects who completed a cocaine treatment trial (completers: N ¼ 50) and those who dropped out of the trial before completion (non-completers: N ¼ 24). A logistic regression analysis was used to predict trial completion using three models with the following variables: the Stroop task subscale scores (Stroop model); the Hamilton depression rating scale (HDRS) scores (HDRS model); and both the Stroop task subscale scores and HDRS scores (Stroop and HDRS model). Each model was able to significantly predict group membership (completers vs non-completers) better than a model based on a simple constant (HDRS model p ¼ 0.02, Stroop model p ¼ 0.006, and Stroop and HDRS model p ¼ 0.003). Models using the Stroop preformed better than the HDRS model. These findings suggest that the Stroop task can be used to identify cocaine-dependent subjects at risk for treatment dropout. The Stroop task is a widely available, reliable, and valid instrument that can be easily employed to identify and tailor interventions of at risk individuals in the hope of improving treatment compliance.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Streeter

Terhune

Whitfield

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

168

128

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“…Only one other study has directly examined both basal ganglia-and medial-temporal lobemediated learning in cocaine abusers (van Gorp et al, 1999); this study used a motoric procedural learning task and two declarative learning tasks to measure these respective learning systems. Results indicated that within 72 hours of their most recent cocaine use (confirmed by urine toxicology), cocaine users exhibited faster learning of motor tracking (Pursuit Rotor task; Spreen & Strauss, 1991), weaker performance on a visual learning test (Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure task; Spreen & Strauss, 1991), and similar performance on a verbal learning task (California Verbal Learning Test; Delis et al, 1987), relative to age-matched healthy control participants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulus–response learning in long-term cocaine users: Acquired equivalence and probabilistic category learning

Vadhan

Myers

Rubin

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Objective-The purpose of this study was to examine stimulus-response (S-R) learning in active cocaine users.Participants and Methods-Twenty-two cocaine-dependent participants (20 male and 2 female) and 21 non-drug using control participants (19 male and 2 female) who were similar in age and education were administered two computerized learning tasks. The Acquired Equivalence task initially requires learning of simple antecedent-consequent discriminations, but later requires generalization of this learning when the stimuli are presented in novel recombinations. The Weather Prediction task requires the prediction of a dichotomous outcome based on different stimuli combinations when the stimuli predict the outcome only probabilistically.Results-On the Acquired Equivalence task, cocaine users made significantly more errors than control participants when required to learn new discriminations while maintaining previously learned discriminations, but performed similarly to controls when required to generalize this learning. No group differences were seen on the Weather Prediction task.Conclusions-Cocaine users' learning of stimulus discriminations under conflicting response demands was impaired, but their ability to generalize this learning once they achieved criterion was intact. This performance pattern is consistent with other laboratory studies of long-term cocaine users that demonstrated that established learning interfered with new learning on incremental learning tasks, relative to healthy controls, and may reflect altered dopamine transmission in the basal ganglia of long-term cocaine users.

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“…Other studies have also found no alterations using classical measures of verbal memory based on word lists [31,33,34]. These data should not be interpreted as indicative of the absence of dysfunctions in the memory subsystems in this population, since a broader mnesic assessment [35], including the strategic components of memory [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 65%

Neuropsychological Profile of Women with Substance-Related Disorders under Treatment in a Drug Dependence Unit

Blanco¹,

Fernández²,

Martínez³

et al. 2017

JPCPY

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This study aims to describe the neuropsychological profile of a clinical sample of drug -dependent women to treatment in a drug dependency. A battery of neuropsychological evaluation was applied to an intentional sample composed of 25 drug-dependent women with subjective complaints of attention and / or memory, who were referred to the area of neuropsychology of the Drug Dependency Unit of the Concello de Vigo CEDRO (Galicia, Spain). The scores related to the cognitive / executive functioning of the sample are indicative of difficulties in visuospatial processing speed (M = 43.79, SD = 14.88) The use of psychoactive substances has been consistently associated with the presence of alterations in different neuropsychological processes: memory, attention or executive functions [4][5][6][7][8].Most studies carried out in the drug-dependent population are mostly or exclusively male [9], and few studies have analyzed gender differences, although this aspect is of great relevance for the knowledge of the different disorders, As expressed in the guidelines for the development of future diagnostic classifications.In the current 2013-2016 Action Plan, the importance of the gender focus for specific attention to drug-dependent women (National Plan on Drugs, 2013a) is highlighted on multiple occasions. These proposals reflect a need already demanded in theoretical and research papers that demonstrate the existence of differences between women and men in terms of drug use and their psychological intervention, often using a traditional nonspecific intervention model.Physiologically it is known that women tend to have a more rapid development of the symptoms associated with dependence, arriving at treatment with less years of consumption and with more severe symptoms and that the neurotoxic effects of Cocaine can cause more CNS damage in men than in women.The presence of dual pathology and the severity of psychiatric symptomatology make it difficult to treat drug dependence, which indicates the need to simultaneously detect and treat both disorders [10]. The mortality risk attributable to dual pathology has been found to be significantly higher in women than in men and that women appear to be more vulnerable to presenting psychotic symptoms faster than men.Taking into account epidemiological data in relation to consumption in Spain, the differences between men and women are becoming smaller, with only women emphasizing the consumption of psychoactive drugs.There is evidence of high variability in response to methadone treatment among patients indicating that they may have different treatment needs. Men and women in particular are known to differ in susceptibility to addiction and behavior, including the age of first use of opiates, progress to regular use and age of admission treatment. Men and women are also likely to differ in methadone treatment outcomes, although the differences are not clear in the literature. Therefore, current standards of treatment that offer

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Declarative and Procedural Memory Functioning in Abstinent Cocaine Abusers

Cited by 93 publications

References 16 publications

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Performance on the Stroop Predicts Treatment Compliance in Cocaine-Dependent Individuals

Stimulus–response learning in long-term cocaine users: Acquired equivalence and probabilistic category learning

Neuropsychological Profile of Women with Substance-Related Disorders under Treatment in a Drug Dependence Unit

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