Decisive role of lipopolysaccharide in activating nitric oxide and cytokine production by the probiotic Escherichia coli strain Nissle 1917

Abstract

Effects of Gram-negative probiotic E. coli strain Nissle 1917 (EcN) on the production of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines were determined in cultures of resident peritoneal cells of rats. The cells (2 x 10(6)/mL) were cultured for 24 h in the presence of live EcN suspension (EcN-Susp), bacteria-free supernatant of this suspension (Sup-EcN), and LPS of EcN origin (LPS-EcN). The biosynthesis of NO was substantially enhanced using live bacteria counts as low as 10(3)/mL applied in the form of EcN-Susp. The same NO-enhancing effect was produced by the correspondingly diluted Sup-EcN. It was found that Sup-EcN contained relatively high amounts of LPS. Administration of the LPS-EcN mimicked the high NO-augmenting activities of both Sup-EcN and EcN-Susp. However, the activity of LPS-EcN was significantly less pronounced than were the activities of Sup-EcN and EcN-Susp containing identical amounts of LPS. The NO-stimulatory effects of the EcN preparations were completely inhibited by polymyxin B. All LPS-EcN and correspondingly diluted Sup-EcN and EcN-Susp stimulated the secretion of cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-10 and VEGF. Also these effects were abrogated by polymyxin B. In contrast to the effects on NO production, the cytokine-stimulatory effects were significantly less pronounced after the exposure of the cells to Sup-EcN and EcN-Susp than to the identical amounts of LPS-EcN. It may be concluded that the in vitro stimulatory effects of EcN on NO and cytokine production are mediated by LPS. It is suggested that the immunostimulatory activity of LPS is modulated by EcN-derived factor(s), the nature of which remains to be identified.

Probiotic factors partially improve parameters of 5-fluorouracil-induced intestinal mucositis in rats

“…Multiple anti-inflammatory characteristics of bacterial factors have been described. Escherichia coli Nissle 1917 (EcN) SN stimulated the secretion of the anti-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-10 and IL-6, 20 in peritoneal cells of rats, while factors released by Lactobacillus casei Shirota inhibited indomethacin-induced nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) activation and increases in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α mRNA expression. 21 The anti-inflammatory properties were attributed to the bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide and lactic acid production for EcN SN and L. casei Shirota, respectively.…”

“…21 The anti-inflammatory properties were attributed to the bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide and lactic acid production for EcN SN and L. casei Shirota, respectively. 20,21 Similar to EcN SN, Bacillus coagulans secreted factors have been reported to promote IL-10 expression, and inhibit oxidative stress-induced formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). 22 The bacterial strain Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 (BR11) has previously demonstrated probiotic properties in the setting of experimentally-induced colitis.…”

Factors Derived From Escherichia Coli Nissle 1917, Grown in Different Growth Media, Enhance Cell Death in a Model of 5-Fluorouracil-Induced Caco-2 Intestinal Epithelial Cell Damage

“…This results in severe damage to the cell structures and may lead to a variety of pathological diseases including carcinogenesis in humans (44). We found that (45). NO was reported to decrease the oxidation stress mediated by ROS during physiological metabolism in mammalian cells (46).…”

Anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory effects elicited by short chain fatty acids produced by Escherichia coli isolated from healthy human gut microbiota

“…Thus, the immune response of the LPS was mainly induced by the lipid A moiety [23]. Similarly, the LPS from outer membrane of E. coli Nissle 1917 has been reported to elicit pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α and VEGF production [4,59]. However, E. coli Nissle 1917 metabolites have been shown to reduce proinflammatory cytokine, but nevertheless induced antiinflammatory cytokine [6], whereby the LPS of E. coli Nissle 1917 strain exhibited immunomodulating properties without showing immunotoxin effects [52].…”