Decisional space determines saccadic reaction times in healthy observers and acquired prosopagnosia

Ramon, Meike; Sokhn, Nayla; Lao, Junpeng; Caldara, Roberto

doi:10.1080/02643294.2018.1469482

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 32 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…[ 25 , 31 ]) as they demonstrate that low-performing individuals do not typically show evidence of generalization between , or even within the subprocesses that facilitate face matching and face recognition. Further investigations are required to determine whether the absence of generalization at both ends of the spectrum of a given subprocess is accounted for by procedural differences between measures, and/or intra-individual consistency [ 9 , 23 , 38 , 42 , 45 , 63 ]. Future studies involving multiple measures that vary systematically according to professionally relevant dimensions are needed to establish the isolated and combined predictive value of empirical tests for personnel selection.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Differences between and within individuals, and subprocesses of face cognition: implications for theory, research and personnel selection

2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent investigations of individual differences have demonstrated striking variability in performance both within the same subprocess in face cognition (e.g. face perception), but also between two different subprocesses (i.e. face perception versus face recognition ) that are assessed using different tasks (face matching versus face memory ). Such differences between and within individuals between and within laboratory tests raise practical challenges. This applies in particular to the development of screening tests for the selection of personnel in real-world settings where faces are routinely processed, such as at passport control. The aim of this study, therefore, was to examine the performance profiles of individuals within and across two different subprocesses of face cognition: face perception and face recognition. To this end, 146 individuals completed four different tests of face matching—one novel tool for assessing proficiency in face perception, as well as three established measures—and two benchmark tests of face memory probing face recognition. In addition to correlational analyses, we further scrutinized individual performance profiles of the highest and lowest performing observers identified per test , as well as across all tests . Overall, a number of correlations emerged between tests. However, there was limited evidence at the individual level to suggest that high proficiency in one test generalized to other tests measuring the same subprocess, as well as those that measured a different subprocess. Beyond emphasizing the need to honour inter-individual differences through careful multivariate assessment in the laboratory, our findings have real-world implications: combinations of tests that most accurately map the task(s) and processes of interest are required for personnel selection.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Related to the well-established effects of expectations on performance (e.g. [ 45 ]), these may include the number of passengers to be processed (i.e. [ 46 , 47 ]), the infrequent occurrence of identity mismatches (see [ 48 , 49 ]), and age-related variation in appearance [ 36 , 50 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences between and within individuals, and subprocesses of face cognition: implications for theory, research and personnel selection

2020

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…As evident from the data reported for Phase 2, observers are clearly more proficient when provided top-down information regarding the decisional space in which identity matches are to be provided (cf. Ramon, 2018a;Ramon, Sokhn, Lao & Caldara, 2018;Ramon, Sokhn & Caldara, under revision). Relatedly, attention must also be paid the possibility of observers being familiar with the two Dutch celebrities depicted.…”

Section: Optimal Ybt and Ficst Applicationmethodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Normative data for two tests of face matching under ecological conditions

Stacchi¹,

Huguenin-Elie²,

Caldara³

et al. 2019

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

How do humans process unfamiliar faces, and how can we reliably identify individuals that are most proficient at it? Motivated by its relevance in applied contexts, much empirical work has sought to answer these questions. Controlled laboratory tests have been developed to understand the contribution of different variables and inter-individual differences. However, such face processing tests involving stimuli derived from ideal conditions, or manipulations and tasks that are not representative of real life, may lack ecological validity. This crucial consideration is often overlooked when laboratory tests are used to predict real-life proficiency. The present study followed the rationale that traditionally used controlled tests should be paired with more realistic, and ecologically meaningful ones – in terms of the stimuli and tasks performed. Testing large and heterogenous samples, we standardized two underused tests of facial identity matching: the Yearbook Test (YBT; Bruck et al., 1991) and the Face Identity Card Sorting Test (FICST; Jenkins et al., 2011). These procedurally simple tests mimic real-life challenges in face perception, as they assess unfamiliar facial identity matching across superficial image changes, or substantial age-related change in appearance. Beyond providing normative data, we describe how performance measured by these tests relates to that observed on more commonly used tests of face recognition (CFMT+; Russell et al., 2009) and perception (EFCT; PICT; White et al., 2015). Our findings suggest that (i) the YBT and FICST are easy-to-use, preferable alternatives to pairwise face matching tasks, which are prone to speed-accuracy trade-offs; (ii) challenging and ecologically valid tests should complement highly controlled measures when aiming to identify individuals with superior face processing abilities for real-life purposes.

show abstract

“…Of particular note are the findings of Crouzet et al (2010) showing that human face detection using a saccadic choice paradigm can occur within 100 ms after stimulus onset, suggesting a very early stage of perceptual processing to be responsible for such explicit judgements. Not only are people typically faster to make eye movements toward faces as a category, but we are also able to process an array of dimensions within faces when presented extrafoveally, such as gender ( Ramon, Sokhn, & Caldara, 2019 ; Ramon, Sokhn, Lao, & Caldara, 2018 ), emotion ( Bayle et al, 2011 ; Smith & Rossi, 2018 ) direction of eye gaze ( Mares et al, 2016 ), and identity to a degree ( Ramon et al, 2019 ; Visconti di Oleggio Castello & Gobbini, 2015 ). Self-guided saccadic eye movements may, therefore, be due in part to the perception of these dimensions in daily life and related to what we may choose as categorical targets for our attention and eye gaze.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%