Decision Theory: A Formal Philosophical Introduction

Bradley, Richard

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77434-3_34

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Like most ethical decision-making models used in different fields, our model follows the pattern of facts gathering, option generation, option assessment according to ethical criteria, preferred option choice, and retrospective evaluation . 20 - 22 Previous research in the field of business ethics has reported the need to complement consequentialist and deontological ethics approaches with a virtue-based orientation to make the most comprehensive ethics decision model. 28 - 30 The foundational elements of our model apply such a complementary approach and uniquely support practical prospective decision making: employees are engaged as moral agents applying values and principles to guide their decision in a specific situation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Evaluation of options is done according to a set of objective criteria that would qualify one option as most acceptable or favorable over other options. [20][21][22] Ethical decision making, on the other hand, sees options evaluated according to moral criteria or values. 23 In our model we adopted company values as a basis for ethical evaluation and integrated them into the decision-making process, which aims to select the best possible Is the solution likely to be seen as consistent in terms of the timing, intent and proportionality?…”

Section: Decision Making Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Ethical decision-making in biopharmaceutical research and development: applying values using the TRIP & TIPP model

Poplazarova¹,

Zee²,

Breuer³

2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

"Values-based decision-making" frameworks and models are widely described in the literature in various disciplines, including healthcare settings. However, there is a paucity of literature on the application of systematic methods or models in the biopharmaceutical research and development (R&D) field of drugs, vaccines, and immunotherapeutics. In this report, we describe our model that uses company values along with framing questions in a fivestep process to guide ethical decisions in the vaccines R&D context. The model uniquely supports practical prospective decision-making: employees are engaged as moral agents applying values and principles to guide their decision in a specific situation. We illustrate, by way of case studies, how the model is being used in practice. The consistent application of company values during decision-making calls upon employees to use their judgment, therefore reducing the need for the organization to systematically generate written instructions. Finally, we report on preliminary results of model adoption by teams within our organization, discuss its limitations and likely future contribution. We applied our model within a vaccines R&D context and believe its use can be extended to other areas where business-related decisions impact patients.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Decision Making Stepsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical decision-making in biopharmaceutical research and development: applying values using the TRIP & TIPP model

Poplazarova¹,

Zee²,

Breuer³

2020

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They then choose the action that maximizes their expected utility based on the model. 33 The advantages of using a decision theory approach to decision-making are that it calls for a clear statement of the problem, applies information to a coherent framework, and offers a transparent and repeatable analysis for generating an expected course of action. 34 Nevertheless, for many events of interest in a pandemic, we do not have enough information to generate probabilities, nor is it likely that there exist probabilities to summarize all the relevant information for decision-making.…”

Section: Dealing With Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Applying the precautionary principle to personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic: did we learn the lessons of SARS?

Crosby

2020

Can J Anesth/J Can Anesth

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…To understand, predict, and influence human behavior, we need to gain deeper insights into the principles and processes underlying decision-making. While thinkers of all times have wondered about the nature of human decisions, it is a much more recent development that scientists approach the decision-making process empirically, focusing not on how we theoretically should but how we actually do make decisions [refer to Bradley (2018) on philosophical and Takemura (2004) on behavioral decision theory].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural Signature of Buying Decisions in Real-World Online Shopping Scenarios – An Exploratory Electroencephalography Study Series

Horr¹,

Han²,

Mousavi³

et al. 2022

Front. Hum. Neurosci.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The neural underpinnings of decision-making are critical to understanding and predicting human behavior. However, findings from decision neuroscience are limited in their practical applicability due to the gap between experimental decision-making paradigms and real-world choices. The present manuscript investigates the neural markers of buying decisions in a fully natural purchase setting: participants are asked to use their favorite online shopping applications to buy common goods they are currently in need of. Their electroencephalography (EEG) is recorded while they view the product page for each item. EEG responses to pages for products that are eventually bought are compared to those that are discarded. Study 1 repeats this procedure in three batches with different participants, product types, and time periods. In an explorative analysis, two neural markers for buying compared to no-buying decisions are discovered over all three batches: frontal alpha asymmetry peak and frontal theta power peak. Occipital alpha power at alpha asymmetry peaks differs in only one of the three batches. No further significant markers are found. Study 2 compares the natural product search to a design in which subjects are told which product pages to view. In both settings, the frontal alpha asymmetry peak is increased for buying decisions. Frontal theta peak increase is replicated only when subjects search through product pages by themselves. The present study series represents an attempt to find neural markers of real-world decisions in a fully natural environment and explore how those markers can change due to small adjustments for the sake of experimental control. Limitations and practical applicability of the real-world approach to studying decision-making are discussed.

show abstract

Decision Theory: A Formal Philosophical Introduction

Cited by 8 publications

References 28 publications

Ethical decision-making in biopharmaceutical research and development: applying values using the TRIP & TIPP model

Ethical decision-making in biopharmaceutical research and development: applying values using the TRIP & TIPP model

Applying the precautionary principle to personal protective equipment (PPE) guidance during the COVID-19 pandemic: did we learn the lessons of SARS?

Neural Signature of Buying Decisions in Real-World Online Shopping Scenarios – An Exploratory Electroencephalography Study Series

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About