Decision making with the deterministic judgment of urea production with various hydrogen sources: technical, economic, and environmental aspects

Abstract

Decision making analysis of renewable urea production with various hydrogen sources (grey, blue, brown, green, pink, and turquoise hydrogen) was investigated in terms of technical, economic, and environmental asepcts.

Techno-economic optimization of renewable urea production for sustainable agriculture and CO2 utilization

“…There are relatively few studies in the literature which analyze urea production from renewable ammonia and CO 2 . Kim et al have conducted two recent studies in this area [24,25]. They considered continuous hydrogen production via alkaline electrolysis powered by constantly available renewable electricity at prices of $50 MWh −1 -$70 MWh −1 and captured CO 2 with a price of $74 mt −1 CO 2 .…”

“…They determined urea production costs between $1175 mt −1 and $1330 mt −1 in the 300 000 to 350 000 mt yr −1 scale range. For reference, they determined that methane-based urea production would cost $550 mt −1 under the same set of assumptions [24]. Electricity costs were the predominant reason that renewable urea production was uneconomical.…”