Decision Making in Adolescents With Behavior Disorders and Adults With Substance Abuse

Ernst, Monique; Grant, Steven; London, Edythe D.; Contoreggi, Carlo; Kimes, Alane S.; Spurgeon, Loretta

doi:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.33

Cited by 236 publications

(188 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Se por um lado não há registro na literatura de pesquisas que verificaram diretamente a confiabilidade do IGT a fim de comparar com os achados encontrados, por outro lado, Ernst et al 21 e Verdejo-Garcia et al 22 em seus estudos fizeram aplicações repetidas do IGT. Verdejo-Garcia et al 22 , ao aplicarem o IGT duas vezes em um intervalo de 25 dias a pacientes com abstinência de cocaína, usuários de maconha e grupo controle, evidenciaram que todos os grupos apresentaram um efeito de aprendizagem sobre a segunda administração do IGT.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Verdejo-Garcia et al 22 , ao aplicarem o IGT duas vezes em um intervalo de 25 dias a pacientes com abstinência de cocaína, usuários de maconha e grupo controle, evidenciaram que todos os grupos apresentaram um efeito de aprendizagem sobre a segunda administração do IGT. Resultado semelhante foi encontrado no estudo de Ernst et al 21 . Com intervalo de uma semana, os autores reaplicaram o IGT em uma amostra de adolescentes com distúrbio de comportamento, adultos com transtorno por uso de substância, adultos e adolescentes saudáveis e constataram que todos os grupos melhoraram sua performance em um segundo momento, exceto os adolescentes com distúrbio de comportamento.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…Dessa forma, até onde se sabe, não parece haver nenhum estudo que tenha se proposto a examinar diretamente a fidedignidade desse instrumento. Apenas há na literatura pesquisas que de forma indireta aplicaram o IGT em dois momentos distintos a uma mesma população, buscando avaliar o efeito de aprendizagem 21,22 .…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

See 2 more Smart Citations

Estudo de fidedignidade do instrumento neuropsicológico Iowa Gambling Task

Cardoso

Carvalho²,

Cotrena

et al. 2010

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

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Estudo de fidedignidade do instrumento neuropsicológico Iowa Gambling Task

Cardoso

Carvalho²,

Cotrena

et al. 2010

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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“…A series of studies have shown that substance abuse patients perform more poorly on this task relative to controls; substance abusers are more likely to choose large immediate rewards despite the risk of higher losses, resulting in diminished net gains. [92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99] Other groups, however, have not observed differences between substance use disordered patients and controls in Gambling Task performance. [100][101][102] In general, patients in the positive studies were typically studied shortly following active use and endorsed more than one drug of abuse.…”

Section: Decision Makingmentioning

confidence: 92%

Impulsivity, Neural Deficits, and the Addictions

Adinoff

Rilling

Williams

et al. 2007

Journal of Addictive Diseases

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SUMMARYImpulsive behaviors are observed in a wide range of psychiatric disorders, including substance use, bipolar, attention-deficit hyperactivity, antisocial and borderline personality, gambling, and eating disorders. The shared phenotype of impulsivity is thought to significantly contribute to both the etiology and perpetuation of these disorders. In this review, we focus upon the relevance of impulsivity to the addictive disorders, particularly substance use disorders. First, the literature supporting the presence of impulsive behaviors prior to the onset of drug use and addiction is discussed. The relevance of impulsivity to relapse is then presented, with a focus on three distinct neurocognitive constructs: automaticity, response inhibition, and decision making. Automaticity is a quickly occurring relapse process resulting from the learned habits induced by persistent drug use. Addicted persons with response inhibition deficits are unable to suppress these previously reinforced behaviors. Decision-making deficits contribute to relapse through a poorly considered assessment of the consequences of drug use. The brain regions associated with each model of impulsive behavior are described, and relevant neurobiologic disruptions in addicted subjects are discussed in the context of their specific neurocognitive deficit(s). Descriptive confusions in the terminology and confounds inherent in the study of impulsivity are described. Empirical

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“…Numerous studies have examined the relations between EF (cool cognition) and ADHD (e.g., Clark et al 2000;Nigg et al 2002), ODD and CD (Clark et al 2000), and aggression (Seguin et al 1999). In addition, research supports links between decision making (hot cognition) and ADHD and CD among adolescents (Ernst et al 2003) and psychopathic traits among children and adolescents Fisher and Blair 1998). Nevertheless, there has been little examination of relations between affective decision-making (hot cognition) and ADHD and ODD among children, despite more recent suggestions that hot and cold cognition may play separate and important roles in the development of ADHD (Sonuga-Barke 2003).…”

mentioning

confidence: 96%

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

Bubier

Drabick

2008

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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We tested a conceptual model involving the inter-relations among affective decision-making (indexed by a gambling task), autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity, and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) symptoms in a largely impoverished, inner city sample of first through third grade children (N=63, 54% male). The present study hypothesized that impaired affective decision-making and decreased sympathetic and parasympathetic activation would be associated with higher levels of ADHD and ODD symptoms, and that low sympathetic and parasympathetic activation during an emotion-inducing task would mediate the relation between affective decision-making and child externalizing symptoms. In support of our model, disadvantageous decision-making on a gambling task was associated with ADHD hyperactivity/impulsivity symptoms among boys, and attenuated sympathetic activation during an emotion-inducing task mediated this relation. Support for the model was not found among girls. KeywordsADHD; ODD; Psychophysiology; Decision-making Both attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is characterized by problems with attention, hyper-activity, and impulsivity, and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), which is defined by a pattern of negativistic, hostile, and oppositional behaviors toward adults, are relatively common in childhood (American Psychiatric Association 2000), and are associated with numerous negative correlates and sequelae. These correlates include deficient social problem-solving skills and impaired social functioning (Frankel and Feinberg 2002;Matthys et al. 1999), poor academic achievement Rapport et al. 1999), and co-occurring internalizing disorders Jensen et al. 2001). In addition, ADHD and ODD are related prospectively to substance use, poor academic achievement, conduct disorder (CD), and antisocial behavior (Masten et al. 2005;van Bokhoven et al. 2005), though the association between ADHD and CD may be accounted for by co-occurring ODD (Lahey et al. 2002;van Lier et al. 2007).Despite some similar correlates and outcomes, research has shown significant differences among children with ADHD vs. ODD in terms of cognitive functioning and academic performance Keenan and Wakschlag 2000), prenatal/perinatal complications (Harvey et al. 2007 Drabick et al. 2004), and family psychiatric history Harvey et al. 2007). Similarly, the ADHD-predominantly inattentive (ADHD-I) and ADHDpredominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-H) subtypes differ in terms of correlates. For instance, the ADHD-I subtype is associated with higher levels of academic difficulties and internalizing problems, whereas the ADHD-H subtype is associated with social impairment, motor inhibition deficits, and externalizing symptoms (Eiraldi et al. 1997;Gadow et al. 2000Gadow et al. , 2004McBurnett et al. 1999;Nigg et al. 2002). Despite these differences, most studies compare ADHD-I and the combined subtype of ADHD (ADHD-I + ADHD-H), likely because of the relatively lower base rates of pu...

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Decision Making in Adolescents With Behavior Disorders and Adults With Substance Abuse

Abstract: The Gambling Task can be used with adolescents. Testing with the Gambling Task revealed a deficit in decision making in adolescents with behavior disorders, who are at risk for substance abuse. This deficit may represent a vulnerability factor for the development of substance abuse.

Cited by 236 publications

References 49 publications

Estudo de fidedignidade do instrumento neuropsicológico Iowa Gambling Task

Estudo de fidedignidade do instrumento neuropsicológico Iowa Gambling Task

Impulsivity, Neural Deficits, and the Addictions

Affective Decision-Making and Externalizing Behaviors: The Role of Autonomic Activity

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