“…FCC has allowed secondary user, called CR to access primary user (PU)'s underutilised licensed spectrum bands. Hence, the dynamic usage of underutilised spectrum improves communication efficiency (Bezabih et al, 2012;Jouini et al, 2012;Stevenson et al, 2009;Wang and Liu, 2011;Zhang et al, 2015;Zhang and Zheng, 2010). The dynamic usage of underutilised spectrum can be done by spectrum handoff decision (Akyildiz et al, 2008(Akyildiz et al, , 2009.…”