Deciphering the complexities of cancer cell immune evasion: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Gupta, Ishita; Hussein, Ola J; Sastry, Konduru S.; Bougarn, Salim; Gopinath, Neha; Chin-Smith, Evonne; Sinha, Y. N.; Korashy, Hesham M.; Maccalli, Cristina

doi:10.1016/j.adcanc.2023.100107

Cited by 5 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 553 publications

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“…Because of their numerous roles, cytokines have been studied in a number of clinical trials to determine their potential as immunotherapy drugs. IL-2 was an early candidate for immunotherapy (Gupta et al, 2023). IL-2 injection and adoptive transfer of anticancer T-cells grown ex vivo in the presence of IL-2 were efficacious immunotherapy interventions for renal cell carcinoma and melanoma (Rosenberg, 2014).…”

Section: Cancer Biomarkers Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers Associated with AIDS-Defining Malignancies in Children

C.P,

E.S.,

N.R.

et al. 2024

Int. J. Res. Publ. Rev.

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AIDs-infected children have an increased cancer risk due to a compromised immune system and an increased susceptibility to oncogenic viruses. Worldwide, a range of children between ages 0-14 years are infected with AIDs and are at an increased risk of developing cancer. However, as a result of immunosuppression, systemic inflammation, persistent HIV viremia and increased susceptibility to oncogenic viruses, children or peopl with AIDs are at a higher risk of some malignancies which includes those considered as AIDs-defining malignancies (ADM) such as Kaposi sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and non-AIDs-defining malignancies (NADM) such as Hodgkin lymphoma. The intricate relationship between AIDS and malignancies in children involves a heightened cancer risk due to immunodeficiency. Biomarkers serve as crucial tools in identifying, understanding, and managing these malignancies by providing valuable information about the underlying biological processes and aiding in personalized treatment strategies.Combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) reduces the risk of cancer development in children infected with AIDs. Starting cART before the development of severe immunosuppression is key in the prevention of cancer in AIDs-infected children.Vaccination against high risk variants of human papilloma virus (HPV) may protect against cancer associated with HPV (e.g cervical cancer) later in life.

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Section: Cancer Biomarkers Cytokinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomarkers Associated with AIDS-Defining Malignancies in Children

C.P,

E.S.,

N.R.

et al. 2024

Int. J. Res. Publ. Rev.

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“…An increased number and activation of immune suppressive cells like tumour-associated macrophages, regulatory T-cells, and myeloid-derived cells are responsible for dampening the immune response to cancer. In addition, tumours release various compounds like nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunosuppressive cytokines including TGF-β and IL-10 that inhibit the immune system [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Reduced expression of major histocompatibility molecules (MHC) and an increase in cancer metabolic products like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) also contribute to cancer immune evasion [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, tumours release various compounds like nitric oxide, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and immunosuppressive cytokines including TGF-β and IL-10 that inhibit the immune system [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Reduced expression of major histocompatibility molecules (MHC) and an increase in cancer metabolic products like indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) also contribute to cancer immune evasion [ 9 ]. Another very important mechanism of cancer immune escape is the upregulation of immune checkpoint proteins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Checkpoint Inhibitors in Dogs: Are We There Yet?

Giuliano,

Pimentel,

Horta

2024

Cancers

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Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) have revolutionised cancer treatment in people. Immune checkpoints are important regulators of the body’s reaction to immunological stimuli. The most studied immune checkpoint molecules are programmed death (PD-1) with its ligand (PD-L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) with its ligands CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2). Certain tumours can evade immunosurveillance by activating these immunological checkpoint targets. These proteins are often upregulated in cancer cells and tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes, allowing cancer cells to evade immune surveillance and promote tumour growth. By blocking inhibitory checkpoints, ICI can help restore the immune system to effectively fight cancer. Several studies have investigated the expression of these and other immune checkpoints in human cancers and have shown their potential as therapeutic targets. In recent years, there has been growing interest in studying the expression of immune checkpoints in dogs with cancer, and a few small clinical trials with ICI have already been performed on these species. Emerging studies in veterinary oncology are centred around developing and validating canine-targeted antibodies. Among ICIs, anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 treatments stand out as the most promising, mirroring the success in human medicine over the past decade. Nevertheless, the efficacy of caninized antibodies remains suboptimal, especially for canine oral melanoma. To enhance the utilisation of ICIs, the identification of predictive biomarkers for treatment response and the thorough screening of individual tumours are crucial. Such endeavours hold promise for advancing personalised medicine within veterinary practice, thereby improving treatment outcomes. This article aims to review the current research literature about the expression of immune checkpoints in canine cancer and the current results of ICI treatment in dogs.

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“…[1,2]. The application of immune modulating antibodies has only become an important therapy over the past decade [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most cancer cells increase PD-L1 expression to evade immune surveillance and exhaust the T lymphocytes. This means that this therapy is more often used, with nivolumab and pembrolizumab the most common in the clinical trials discussed later in this paper [2,5]. Ipilimumab does the same but via the CTLA-4 pathway [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy with a Focus on FDA-Approved Vaccines and Neoantigen-Based Vaccines

Hargrave,

Mustafa,

Hanif

et al. 2023

Vaccines

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Cancer immunotherapies refer to the concept of retraining the immune system to target malignant cells. Multiple immunotherapeutic options exist including immune modulating antibodies, immune stimulating cytokines, chimeric antigen receptor T cell therapy, and vaccines. Overall, this field has advanced rapidly as knowledge of the tumor microenvironment, immunological pathways, and biotechnology expands. Specifically, advancements in neoantigen identification, characterization, and formulation into a vaccine show promise. This review is focused on previously United States Food and Drug Administration-approved cancer therapeutic vaccines and neoantigen-based vaccine developments along with the associated relevant clinical trials.

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Deciphering the complexities of cancer cell immune evasion: Mechanisms and therapeutic implications

Cited by 5 publications

References 553 publications

Biomarkers Associated with AIDS-Defining Malignancies in Children

Biomarkers Associated with AIDS-Defining Malignancies in Children

Checkpoint Inhibitors in Dogs: Are We There Yet?

Recent Advances in Cancer Immunotherapy with a Focus on FDA-Approved Vaccines and Neoantigen-Based Vaccines

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