Deciphering Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants to Understand Molecular Network Governing Plant Immunity and Growth

Zhu, Xiaobo; Mu, Ze; Chern, Mawsheng; Chen, Xuewei; Wang, Jing

doi:10.1016/j.rsci.2020.05.004

Cited by 29 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…We observed numerous deep blue spots in and around the lesions of lmm22 leaves but not in the WT leaves (Figure 2a). ROS bursts appear to be a common thread in cell death (Zhu et al, 2020). We therefore performed a DAB staining assay to examine H 2 O 2 level.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ubiquitin‐specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice

Zou

Liu

et al. 2023

Plant Cell & Environment

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Ubiquitin-specific proteases (UBPs) process deubiquitination in eukaryotic organisms and are widely involved in plant development and responses to environmental stress. However, their role in cell death and plant immunity remains largely unknown. Here, we identified a rice lesion mimic mutant (LMM) and cloned its causative gene, LMM22. Both dysfunction and overexpression of LMM22 gave rise to the hypersensitive response-like cell death, reactive oxygen species bursts, and activated defence responses. LMM22 encodes an active UBP that is localised to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and displays a constitutive expression pattern in rice.LMM22 interacts with SPOTTED LEAF 35 (SPL35), a coupling of ubiquitin conjugation to ER degradation domain-containing protein that is known to participate in ubiquitination and the regulation of cell death and disease response in rice. Additional analyses suggest that LMM22 can positively regulate and stabilise the abundance of SPL35 protein likely through its deubiquitination activity. These data therefore improve our understanding of the function of UBP in rice innate immune responses by demonstrating that LMM22 functions as a critical regulator of SPL35 in cell death and disease resistance.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A ubiquitin‐specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice

Zou

Liu

et al. 2023

Plant Cell & Environment

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“…Intriguingly, deletion of PRR-signaling components, such as BAK1, BKK1, BIK1, CNGC2/4, RBOHD/F, MEKK1, MKK1/2, MAPK4, and CAMTA3, exhibit autoimmune phenotypes characterized by HR-like cell death [ 59 , 119 , 120 ]. The autoimmunity observed in some of these mutants is caused by the activation of multiple NLRs [ 121 , 122 , 123 ]. Accordingly, the activation of NLR sensors is a consequence of modifications or deletions of the monitored cellular component (guardee or a decoy), which is either a key node within the PTI- or the ETI-mediated immunity [ 124 , 125 ].…”

Section: Pti and Eti As One Integrated Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Immunities: Conserved Signaling Components across the Plant Kingdom That Communicate Both Pathways

Ramírez-Zavaleta¹,

García-Barrera

Rodríguez‐Verástegui

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Cell-surface-localized pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) are plant immune proteins that trigger an orchestrated downstream signaling in response to molecules of microbial origin or host plant origin. Historically, PRRs have been associated with pattern-triggered immunity (PTI), whereas NLRs have been involved with effector-triggered immunity (ETI). However, recent studies reveal that such binary distinction is far from being applicable to the real world. Although the perception of plant pathogens and the final mounting response are achieved by different means, central hubs involved in signaling are shared between PTI and ETI, blurring the zig-zag model of plant immunity. In this review, we not only summarize our current understanding of PRR- and NLR-mediated immunities in plants, but also highlight those signaling components that are evolutionarily conserved across the plant kingdom. Altogether, we attempt to offer an overview of how plants mediate and integrate the induction of the defense responses that comprise PTI and ETI, emphasizing the need for more evolutionary molecular plant–microbe interactions (EvoMPMI) studies that will pave the way to a better understanding of the emergence of the core molecular machinery involved in the so-called evolutionary arms race between plants and microbes.

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“…Recent studies reported that rice LMMs would be helpful in resistant breeding because most of them showed spontaneous activation of defense responsive genes in pathogen attacks [ 15 ]. Manigbas et al reported that UV radiations could induce an increase in the H 2 O 2 production, which could inflict injury to crops affecting growth and productivity [ 142 ].…”

Section: Resistant To Pathogen Infection In the Lmmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phenotypic mutants of LMMs are commonly found in most plant species, including Arabidopsis sp. [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ], rice [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], maize [ 7 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ], barley [ 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 ], soybean [ 34 ], wheat [ 35 ], potato [ 36 ], and cotton [ 37 ]. The LMMs of rice have been well documented in genetic research, including spotted leaf mutants, brown leaf mutants, white-stripe leaf mutants, and other lesion phenotypic mutants (Table 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, as most LMM plants have a significantly lower grain yield, genetic studies of LMMs have been conducted to understand their negative effects on agronomic traits. The genetic principles of LMMs can be used to understand the molecular network governing plant defense, immunity, and vegetative growth [ 15 ]. Moreover, the achievements of molecular genetic studies for LMMs contribute to the utilization of crop breeding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants (LMM): The Current Understanding of Genetic Mutations in the Failure of ROS Scavenging during Lesion Formation

Kang

Lee

Singh

et al. 2021

Plants

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Rice lesion mimic mutants (LMMs) form spontaneous lesions on the leaves during vegetative growth without pathogenic infections. The rice LMM group includes various mutants, including spotted leaf mutants, brown leaf mutants, white-stripe leaf mutants, and other lesion-phenotypic mutants. These LMM mutants exhibit a common phenotype of lesions on the leaves linked to chloroplast destruction caused by the eruption of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the photosynthesis process. This process instigates the hypersensitive response (HR) and programmed cell death (PCD), resulting in lesion formation. The reasons for lesion formation have been studied extensively in terms of genetics and molecular biology to understand the pathogen and stress responses. In rice, the lesion phenotypes of most rice LMMs are inherited according to the Mendelian principles of inheritance, which remain in the subsequent generations. These rice LMM genetic traits have highly developed innate self-defense mechanisms. Thus, although rice LMM plants have undesirable agronomic traits, the genetic principles of LMM phenotypes can be used to obtain high grain yields by deciphering the efficiency of photosynthesis, disease resistance, and environmental stress responses. From these ailing rice LMM plants, rice geneticists have discovered novel proteins and physiological causes of ROS in photosynthesis and defense mechanisms. This review discusses recent studies on rice LMMs for the Mendelian inheritances, molecular genetic mapping, and the genetic definition of each mutant gene.

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Deciphering Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants to Understand Molecular Network Governing Plant Immunity and Growth

Cited by 29 publications

References 82 publications

A ubiquitin‐specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice

A ubiquitin‐specific protease functions in regulating cell death and immune responses in rice

An Overview of PRR- and NLR-Mediated Immunities: Conserved Signaling Components across the Plant Kingdom That Communicate Both Pathways

Rice Lesion Mimic Mutants (LMM): The Current Understanding of Genetic Mutations in the Failure of ROS Scavenging during Lesion Formation

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