Deciphering Interannual Temperature Variations in Springs of the Campania Region (Italy)

Abstract

While the effects of climate change on the thermal regimes of surface waters have already been assessed by many studies, there is still a lack of knowledge on the effects on groundwater temperature and on the effects on spring water quality. The online available dataset of the Campania Environmental Agency (ARPAC) was analysed via spatial, temporal and statistical analyses to assess the impact of climate variability on 118 springs, monitored over the period from 2002 to 2017. The meteorological dataset was used to compute average annual precipitation and atmospheric temperatures. Spring water temperatures, electrical conductivity, pH, chloride and fluoride were selected to determine if climate variations had a significant impact on spring water quality. This study shows that the Campania region has experienced an increase of spring water temperatures of approximately 2.0 °C during the monitored period. This is well-linked with the increase of atmospheric minimum temperatures, but not with average and maximum atmospheric temperatures. The spring water temperature increases were not reflected by a concomitant change of the analysed water quality parameters. The latter were linked to the precipitation trend and other local factors, like spring altitude and the presence of geothermal heat fluxes.

The Importance of Incorporating Denitrification in the Assessment of Groundwater Vulnerability

“…The investigated area covers 776 km 2 and is occupied by agriculture for the 70% of its extension. CP has a typical Mediterranean climate with an average precipitation of approximately 800 mm/y and a mean annual temperature of 22 • C [35]. The second study area is the Garigliano plain (Figure 1b), also located in the Campania region.…”

Modelling Actual and Future Seawater Intrusion in the Variconi Coastal Wetland (Italy) Due to Climate and Landscape Changes

“…of approximately 1.0 to −2.0 m, precipitations accumulate to form semi-permanent water bodies (ponds in Figure 1). The area has a typical Mediterranean climate where the coastal area is characterized by wet winters and dry summers, with an average annual temperature of 21.0 • C and a precipitation amount around 800-1000 mm/year [38]. established, allowing the formation of a wave-dominated delta system, with strandplains forming beach-dune ridges partially enclosing lagoonal-marshy areas [30,36,37].…”

“…of approximately 1.0 to −2.0 m, precipitations accumulate to form semi-permanent water bodies (ponds in Figure 1). The area has a typical Mediterranean climate where the coastal area is characterized by wet winters and dry summers, with an average annual temperature of 21.0 °C and a precipitation amount around 800-1000 mm/yearear [38]. The coastal aquifer is hosted by sandy beach-dune sediments (16-18 m thick) interbedded with silt lenses (0.5-1.0 m thick), which locally generate semi-confined conditions.…”

A Hybrid GIS and AHP Approach for Modelling Actual and Future Forest Fire Risk Under Climate Change Accounting Water Resources Attenuation Role

“…Large differences of temperature occur between the mountainous and coastal zones. Indeed, the maximum and minimum temperatures can vary 6-8 • C between the mountain peaks and the coastal plains [48,49]. The mean annual rainfalls range from 800 to 2000 mm depending on the area and show clear differences in terms of elevation and proximity to the sea.…”