Deciphering Dual Modes of Parkinsonian Biomolecules Derived Fluorescent Nanoparticles: Protein Specificity and White Light Generation

Abstract

Dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine (L-Dopa or DPA), a marker and medicine for the neurological disorder Parkinson's disease (PD), lead to the formation of polymeric fluorescent nanoparticles (F-Poly NPs or F-NPs or simply, NPs). The interaction study between proteins and NPs shows prominent interaction with strong specificity toward albumin type proteins for DPA derived and mixed NPs. Furthermore, encapsulation of the anticancer drug doxorubicin hydrochloride (Dox) inside the NP−protein conjugates results in excellent white light emission with pronounced specificity toward albumin proteins for F-PDPA and F-Mix NPs. Finally, the use of BSA protein fibril resulting in strong binding with NPs along with Dox assisted white light emission has also been studied.

Surfactant-Assisted Förster Resonance Energy Transfer from a Quantum Dot Complex for Highly Stable White Light Emission

“…The synchronous contribution of the dual emissions originating from S-QDC and RhB led to the construction of a WLE polymer coated FRET pair composite (Figure B). Further, the WLE nature of polymer coated composite is verified by perceiving (0.33, 0.33) color chromaticity coordinates and 5350 K CCT values (Figure C), which are coordinated well with the characteristics of midday sunlight − (Table S4, Supporting Information). Additionally, the solid polymer coated FRET-pair composite shows atmospheric white luminesce stability up to 30 days (Figure D, inset of Figure D and 4E and Table S5, Supporting Information).…”

“…As is clear from the Figure A,B and Table S1, Supporting Information, tunability in the luminescence, chromaticity, and CCT is achieved by varying the concentration of RhB for a fixed concentration of S-QDC. Particularly, an impeccable mid-day sunlight possesses precise color chromaticity coordinates of (0.33, 0.33) and CCT near 6000 K. − In the current FRET pair instance, 3.31 μM RhB treated S-QDC (in water) endows white light emission, with a chromaticity of (0.33, 0.38) and CCT of 5627 K (Figure A–C, Table S1, and Supporting Information). At the WLE point, the FRET efficiency and donor–acceptor distance are estimated to be 11.99% and 4.85 nm, respectively (Figure F).…”

“…White light emitting (WLE) materials are the most potential aspirants of the 21st century for partly mitigating the existing energy crisis issue based on their properties such as long operational life, color purity, and brightness and for all indoor and outdoor lighting and visible light communication technology. − The white light emission parameters like chromaticity coordinates in color space and correlated color temperature (CCT) are basically used to assess the color purity, brightness, and warm white/cool white nature of WLE materials and thus to construct an efficient and perfect WLE material with properties close to midday bright sunlight with chromaticity coordinates in color space as (0.33, 0.33) and CCT ∼ 5000–6000 K. − In this respect, Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET)wherein donor excited state energy is transported to a proximal ground state of an acceptorhas demonstrated its utility in the construction of pure WLE materials. − FRET-based white light emission can be fabricated using different donor–acceptor pairs such as thioflavin T-double-stranded DNA, nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (QDs)-gold nanocluster (Au NC), binary naphthalimide-rhodamine 6G, thioflavin T-dimethyl-2,5-bis[4-(methoxyphenyl)amino]terephthalate (DBMPT), bistable [ c 2] rotaxanes-anthracene, protein-copper NC-silver NCs, etc. − Consequently, the assortment of donor and acceptor to construct a stable WLE FRET pair, followed by fulfilment of three primary conditions of FRET such as (i) spectral overlap of donor’s emission with absorption of acceptor, (ii) the distance between donor and acceptor, and (iii) relative orientation of the transition dipoles, is of supreme concern. − …”

Dual Optical Response Strategy for the Detection of Cytochrome c Using Highly Luminescent Lanthanide-Based Nanotubular Sensor Arrays

“…Selective capturing of the photosensitizers from the nanotube templates by an analyte can significantly reduce the photosensitization process, and consequently a significant quenching in the lanthanide luminescence intensity can be observed as a signal response to the external analyte. Proteins are known to have strong binding affinities toward small molecular ligands in their binding sites. , Therefore, proteins can serve as important analytes for selective detection via significant photoluminescence quenching responses of Tb 3+ using nanotubular assemblies (DHN-Tb 3+ -NaLC and Phen-Tb 3+ -NaLC) as sensor arrays. However, the selectivity will be largely controlled by the nature of protein–photosensitizer interactions on the NaLC templates.…”

“…Proteins are known to have strong binding affinities toward small molecular ligands in their binding sites. 39,40 Therefore, proteins can serve as important analytes for selective detection via significant photoluminescence quenching responses of Tb 3+ using nanotubular assemblies (DHN-Tb 3+ -NaLC and Phen-Tb 3+ -NaLC) as sensor arrays. However, the selectivity will be largely controlled by the nature of protein−photosensitizer interactions on the NaLC templates.…”