Deciphering arginine methylation: Tudor tells the tale

Chen, Chen; Nott, Timothy J.; Jin, Jing; Pawson, Tony

doi:10.1038/nrm3185

Cited by 268 publications

(280 citation statements)

References 102 publications

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“…Reversible post-translational modification of proteins, often regulated by enzymes that add ('writers') or remove ('erasers') moieties to individual amino acids, allows rapid changes in interaction with other proteins ('readers') that recognise the modifications [32]. Such modifications include phosphorylation, acetylation, sumoylation, ubiquitylation, methylation and poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation ('PARylation'), all of which have been detected in SAFB proteins.…”

Section: Post-translational Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increasing diversity of functions attributed to the SAFB family of RNA-/DNA-binding proteins

Norman

Rivers

Lee

et al. 2016

Biochemical Journal

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RNA-binding proteins play a central role in cellular metabolism by orchestrating the complex interactions of coding, structural and regulatory RNA species. The SAFB (scaffold attachment factor B) proteins (SAFB1, SAFB2 and SAFB-like transcriptional modulator, SLTM), which are highly conserved evolutionarily, were first identified on the basis of their ability to bind scaffold attachment region DNA elements, but attention has subsequently shifted to their RNA-binding and protein-protein interactions. Initial studies identified the involvement of these proteins in the cellular stress response and other aspects of gene regulation. More recently, the multifunctional capabilities of SAFB proteins have shown that they play crucial roles in DNA repair, processing of mRNA and regulatory RNA, as well as in interaction with chromatin-modifying complexes. With the advent of new techniques for identifying RNA-binding sites, enumeration of individual RNA targets has now begun. This review aims to summarise what is currently known about the functions of SAFB proteins.

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Section: Post-translational Modificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

The increasing diversity of functions attributed to the SAFB family of RNA-/DNA-binding proteins

Norman

Rivers

Lee

et al. 2016

Biochemical Journal

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“…A variety of RNA-binding proteins involved in RNA metabolism contain RGG motifs. 21 Consistent with this observation, RGG motifs have emerged as key players in orchestrating post-transcriptional gene regulation. This review explores and hypothesizes functional significance of RGG motifs in mRNA translation/ decay and its regulation through arginine methylation.…”

Section: Mrnps Poised For Re-entry To Translationmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…23,24 Arginine methylation is probably most important in modulating RNA biogenesis and function, since RNA binding proteins form the largest group of arginine methylated proteins. 21 Arginine methylation can have either positive or negative effects on protein-protein or protein-RNA interactions. In a straightforward example, purified methylated HuD binds weakly to target p21 mRNA as compared with unmethylated HuD.…”

Section: Mrnps Poised For Re-entry To Translationmentioning

confidence: 99%

RGG motif proteins: Modulators of mRNA functional states

Rajyaguru

Parker

2012

Cell Cycle

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“…Post-translational methylation of Piwi arginine residues near the protein's N-terminus allow Piwi to be recognized by a suite of Tudor domain-containing proteins. These Tudor proteins are believed to serve as localization and scaffolding molecules which tether piRNA components together (reviewed in [116]). Alternatively, if Piwi is translocated to the nucleus, factors including Maelstrom and chromatin modifiers are recruited to genomic loci to establish hetrochromatic silencing marks (Box 2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

From guide to target: molecular insights into eukaryotic RNA-interference machinery

Ipsaro

Joshua‐Tor

2015

Nat Struct Mol Biol

216

144

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Since its relatively recent discovery, RNA interference (RNAi) has emerged as a potent, specific, and ubiquitous means of gene regulation. Through a number of pathways that are conserved from yeast to humans, small non-coding RNAs direct molecular machinery to silence gene expression. In this review, we focus on mechanisms and structures that govern RNA silencing in higher organisms. In addition to highlighting recent advances, parallels and differences between RNAi pathways are discussed. Together, the studies reviewed herein reveal the versatility and programmability of RNA-induced Silencing Complexes (RISCs) and emphasize the importance of both upstream biogenesis and downstream silencing factors. Discovery and Biological Perspectives of RNA interferenceRNAi was first described by Fire and Mello in the 1990s when, in an attempt to use antisense RNA to down-regulate gene expression, they observed that double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) was more potent than sense or anti-sense RNA alone [1]. This seminal work boasted robust and specific gene knock down in addition to coining the term "RNA interference" (RNAi). Shortly beforehand, the discovery of individual regulatory RNAs in C. elegans hinted that small, non-coding RNAs might be a pervasive means of gene regulation in higher organisms [2,3]. In the following decade, with the mechanistic insight of Fire and Mello's work in hand, this idea was confirmed and it is now accepted that wellover 1,000 small RNAs are encoded in the human genome that may regulate over 60% of our genes [4,5]. It also became apparent that several seemingly disconnected phenomena are variations of RNAi-type pathways including co-suppression in plants, DNA elimination in Tetrahymena, and quelling in Neurospora [6]. The prevalence of RNAi is impressive and its importance is underscored by the fact that RNAi dysfunction is associated with numerous diseases and disorders including neurological maladies, cancers, and infertility.Shortly after the initial description of RNAi phenomenology, a burst of genetic, biochemical, biophysical, and bioinformatic efforts laid a strong foundation for identifying the molecular pathways, players, and parameters that govern silencing via RNAi. Work from Reprints and permissions information is available online at http://www.nature.com/reprints/index.html. HHMI Author ManuscriptHHMI Author Manuscript HHMI Author Manuscript numerous groups defined the molecular apparatus of RNAi as RISC (RNA-induced Silencing Complex), a ribonucleoprotein complex minimally comprised of a small singlestranded RNA (~20-31 nucleotides) and an Argonaute protein which serves as the effector molecule (reviewed in [7]). In this configuration, the loaded "guide" RNA acts as a specificity determinant that directs Argonaute and any other associated machinery to the target. The guide-loaded Argonaute platform underlies every example in the expansive array of known RNAi pathways in eukaryotes regardless of the source of the guide (structured loci, transposons, viral, etc.), the machinery ...

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Deciphering arginine methylation: Tudor tells the tale

Cited by 268 publications

References 102 publications

The increasing diversity of functions attributed to the SAFB family of RNA-/DNA-binding proteins

The increasing diversity of functions attributed to the SAFB family of RNA-/DNA-binding proteins

RGG motif proteins: Modulators of mRNA functional states

From guide to target: molecular insights into eukaryotic RNA-interference machinery

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