Dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride by hydrothermal treatment with cupric ion

Ma, Dong; Liang, Liwu; Hu, Erfeng; Chen, Huaquan; Wang, Dongbo; He, Chao; Feng, Qingge

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2020.08.040

Cited by 62 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In Table 2, it is noticeable that no chlorinated compounds were detected by GC, indicating that upon subcritical water condition, the C−Cl bonds in PVC were cleaved and subsequently dissolved in water, forming inorganic Cl (i.e., HCl). The absence of chlorinated compounds in the liquid was also observed in Ma et al's work, 25 where the dechlorination of PVC was evaluated in subcritical water at 200−240 °C over cupric ion. As the applied process avoids the release of toxic chlorinated compounds, it can be considered as a safe and environmentally friendly method.…”

Section: Effect Of Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The aforementioned properties help to enhance the solvability of water toward polar and nonpolar materials and thus can be used as an excellent green solvent for decomposition of organic polymer into smaller molecules. Taking the intriguing properties of subcritical water into account, Ma et al 25 studied the effect of cupric ion (Cu 2+ ) on the dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride (PVC, a polymer molecule) in subcritical water and reported that subcritical water is able to remove chlorine efficiently from PVC. Zhao et al 26 investigated the influence of subcritical water on the degradation of PVC over various Ni 2+ solutions and observed that nickel-containing subcritical water has beneficial effects on the dechlorination of PVC.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of Valuable and Hazardous Metals (Ni, Co, and Cd) from Spent Ni–Cd Batteries Using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Subcritical Water

Khan

Rana

Nshizirungu

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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In recent years, recycling of waste Ni−Cd batteries has drawn substantial attention due to the severe environmental pollution they cause and to avoid the dissipation of valuable metals. Although a considerable amount of research has been conducted, efficient recycling of valuable and hazardous metals from waste Ni−Cd batteries through an environment-friendly and economical process is still a challenge. The present study focuses on leaching of valuable and hazardous metals from waste Ni−Cd battery powder via a PVC-assisted subcritical water extraction method. The effects of various factors, such as time, temperature, liquid/solid ratio, and mass ratio (PVC:Ni−Cd battery powder), on the recovery efficiencies of Ni, Cd, and Co are also investigated. After metal extraction, the solid residues were analyzed by XRD, XPS, FT-IR, FE-SEM, and EDS element mapping to anticipate the chemical compounds before and after the recycling experiment. Meanwhile, ICP-OES analysis was used to determine the metal content in the leachate. The ICP-OES results showed that more than 96.38, 92.98, and 99.96% of Ni, Cd, and Co, respectively, were satisfactorily recovered from the waste Ni−Cd battery powder under the optimized conditions: 300 °C temperature, 120 min reaction time, 15 mL/g liquid/solid ratio, and 1:3 Ni−Cd battery powder:PVC mass ratio. The results obtained from this study suggest that the applied subcritical water extraction could be an efficient, environment-friendly, and sustainable technology for the recovery of valuable and hazardous metals from waste Ni−Cd batteries.

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Section: Effect Of Reaction Timesupporting

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of Valuable and Hazardous Metals (Ni, Co, and Cd) from Spent Ni–Cd Batteries Using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Subcritical Water

Khan

Rana

Nshizirungu

et al. 2022

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…There are reports on the catalytic acceleration of the PVC waste dechlorination in the presence of various substances [ 114 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 ]. The process of dechlorination, by binding chlorine and HCl, is also influenced by additional substances, such as Na 2 CO 3 , KOH, NaOH, NH 3 ·H 2 O, CaO and NaHCO 3 [ 87 , 100 , 101 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 ].…”

Section: Pvc Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Recycling

Lewandowski

Skórczewska

2022

Polymers

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Bearing in mind the aspiration of the world economy to create as complete a closed loop of raw materials and energy as possible, it is important to know the individual links in such a system and to systematise the knowledge. Polymer materials, especially poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), are considered harmful to the environment by a large part of society. The work presents a literature review on mechanical and feedstock recycling. The advantages and disadvantages of various recycling methods and their development perspectives are presented. The general characteristics of PVC are also described. In conclusion, it is stated that there are currently high recycling possibilities for PVC material and that intensive work is underway on the development of feedstock recycling. Based on the literature review, it was found that PVC certainly meets the requirements for materials involved in the circular economy.

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“…To lower the hydrothermal temperature, Cu 2+ , [12] Ni 2+ , [13] or biomass materials, such as pine wood, [13] corn cob, [14] cellulosic materials, [15] and bamboo [16] were introduced into the hydrothermal reaction for dechlorination. To date, the hydrothermal temperature of effective dechlorination is lowered to be 220 °C with the assistance of Ni 2+ [13] .…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Solid Base Assisted Dual‐Promoted Heterogeneous Conversion of PVC to Metal‐Free Porous Carbon Catalyst

Wang

Dong

et al. 2022

Chemistry A European J

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Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely used in daily life, but its waste has become a serious environmental problem. A solid base assisted low-temperature solvothermal dehalogenation was developed in this work to sustainably and efficiently transform PVC into high-value dimethylamine hydrochloride (DMACl) chemical and N,O co-doped carbon monolith with hierarchically porous structure. The synergistic promotion of solid-base catalyst and solvent decomposition with the removal of HCl can shift forward the chemical equilibrium to promote the dechlorination of PVC and increase the carbon yield. Meanwhile, the solid-base catalyst can also act as a pore-forming additive to fabricate the carbon monolith with hierarchical pores. Induced by the high specific surface area, hierarchical pores and N,O co-doped structure, the generated carbon monolith exhibits superior electrocatalytic performance towards H 2 evolution. These discoveries shed light on the design of synergistically coupled solvent and solid catalyst to promote the heterogeneous conversion of waste chlorinated plastics into high-value chemicals for a sustainable future.

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Dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride by hydrothermal treatment with cupric ion

Cited by 62 publications

References 42 publications

Recovery of Valuable and Hazardous Metals (Ni, Co, and Cd) from Spent Ni–Cd Batteries Using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Subcritical Water

Recovery of Valuable and Hazardous Metals (Ni, Co, and Cd) from Spent Ni–Cd Batteries Using Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) in Subcritical Water

A Brief Review of Poly(Vinyl Chloride) (PVC) Recycling

Solid Base Assisted Dual‐Promoted Heterogeneous Conversion of PVC to Metal‐Free Porous Carbon Catalyst

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