Deception with Technology

Hancock, Jeffrey T.; Guillory, Jamie

doi:10.1002/9781118426456.ch12

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…When there is any uncertainty about the true identity of a message source online, the Source Obfuscation Scale can be used to tell if viewers believe self-claims and third-party claims really are authored by whom they appear to be authored by. Masking the true identity of a source is ubiquitous online and central to how features of communication technology affect processes of deception (see Hancock & Guillory, 2015). Challenging the identification of a clear, singular message source, some online media allow for the collaborative production of information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The warranting value of information might also be reduced when there is reason to question whether a source really is who he or she appears to be (DeAndrea, 2014). People can exploit the affordances of online platforms to mask their true identities for self-serving purposes (see Hancock & Guillory, 2015). For instance, a political operative might pose as a concerned citizen or a business owner might pose as an average online reviewer.…”

Section: Masking the Source Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Masking the true identity of a source is ubiquitous online and central to how features of communication technology affect processes of deception (see Hancock & Guillory, 2015). Challenging the identification of a clear, singular message source, some online media allow for the collaborative production of information.…”

Section: Utility Of the Scalesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the Construct of Warranting Value and Testing Warranting Theory

DeAndrea

Carpenter

2016

Communication Research

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Warranting theory has been used extensively to explain how people evaluate information across a variety of online settings. However, no validated measurement instrument exists to assess the construct of warranting value that is at the core of the theory. Two studies were conducted to develop and validate a General Warranting Value Scale and three scales that assess specific forms of information control: Modification Control, Dissemination Control, and Source Obfuscation. In addition, we tested predictions of warranting theory using multiple stimuli and samples-including a nationally representative sample of adults. Overall, evidence for scale validity was obtained: Confirmatory factor analyses were consistent with measurement model fit. All scales were sensitive to theoretically predicted manipulations and were correlated with theoretically predicted outcomes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Masking the Source Of Informationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measuring the Construct of Warranting Value and Testing Warranting Theory

DeAndrea

Carpenter

2016

Communication Research

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“…They deny current reality if that serves to undermine their image. Image making often involves deception, and extensive psychological research on self‐presentation has sought to describe and explain false image making or image construction (e.g., DePaulo, ; Hancock & Guillory, ; Toma & Hancock, ). There have been some important theoretical and empirical contributions to the deception literature that have considered self‐presentational goals of deception.…”

Section: Reality Monitoring Theory and Deception Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Lyin' Ted’, ‘Crooked Hillary’, and ‘Deceptive Donald’: Language of Lies in the 2016 US Presidential Debates

Bond

Holman

Eggert

et al. 2017

Applied Cognitive Psychology

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Language in the high-stakes 2016 US presidential primary campaign was contentious, filled with name-calling, personal attacks, and insults. Language in debates served at least three political functions: for image making, to imagine potential realities currently not in practice, and to disavow facts. In past research, the reality monitoring (RM) framework has discriminated accurately between truthful and deceptive accounts (~70% classification). Truthful accounts show greater sensory, time and space, and affective information, with little evidence of cognitive operations. An RM algorithm was used with Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count software to code candidates' language. RM scores were significantly higher in fact-checked truth statements than in lies, and debate language in the 2016 primaries was as deceptive as fact-checked lies. In a binary logistic regression model, one RM criterion, cognitive processes, predicted veracity using computerized RM, classifying 87% of fact-checked truth statements but only 28% of fact-checked lie statements (63% classification overall).

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“…As in the case of online DTCA, the complexities of new media can make it difficult to know the true identity of an information source or with whom the source is affiliated. Researchers have documented the many ways that online sources try to influence viewers by masking their true identities [ 21 , 22 ]. The prevalence of fake online reviews, commissioned or produced by the target being evaluated [ 23 ], provides a prominent example of how source obfuscation occurs online.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Affiliation Disclosure and Control Over User-Generated Comments Affects Consumer Health Knowledge and Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Experiment of Pharmaceutical Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Social Media

DeAndrea¹,

Vendemia²

2016

J Med Internet Res

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BackgroundMore people are seeking health information online than ever before and pharmaceutical companies are increasingly marketing their drugs through social media.ObjectiveThe aim was to examine two major concerns related to online direct-to-consumer pharmaceutical advertising: (1) how disclosing an affiliation with a pharmaceutical company affects how people respond to drug information produced by both health organizations and online commenters, and (2) how knowledge that health organizations control the display of user-generated comments affects consumer health knowledge and behavior.MethodsWe conducted a 2×2×2 between-subjects experiment (N=674). All participants viewed an infographic posted to Facebook by a health organization about a prescription allergy drug. Across conditions, the infographic varied in the degree to which the health organization and commenters appeared to be affiliated with a drug manufacturer, and the display of user-generated comments appeared to be controlled.ResultsAffiliation disclosure statements on a health organization’s Facebook post increased perceptions of an organization-drug manufacturer connection, which reduced trust in the organization (point estimate –0.45, 95% CI –0.69 to –0.24) and other users who posted comments about the drug (point estimate –0.44, 95% CI –0.68 to –0.22). Furthermore, increased perceptions of an organization-manufacturer connection reduced the likelihood that people would recommend the drug to important others (point estimate –0.35, 95% CI –0.59 to –0.15), and share the drug post with others on Facebook (point estimate –0.37, 95% CI –0.64 to –0.16). An affiliation cue next to the commenters' names increased perceptions that the commenters were affiliated with the drug manufacturer, which reduced trust in the comments (point estimate –0.81, 95% CI –1.04 to –0.59), the organization that made the post (point estimate –0.68, 95% CI –0.90 to –0.49), the likelihood of participants recommending the drug (point estimate –0.61, 95% CI –0.82 to –0.43), and sharing the post with others on Facebook (point estimate –0.63, 95% CI –0.87 to –0.43). Cues indicating that a health organization removed user-generated comments from a post increased perceptions that the drug manufacturer influenced the display of the comments, which negatively affected trust in the comments (point estimate –0.35, 95% CI –0.53 to –0.20), the organization (point estimate –0.31, 95% CI –0.47 to –0.17), the likelihood of recommending the drug (point estimate –0.26, 95% CI –0.41 to –0.14), and the likelihood of sharing the post with others on Facebook (point estimate –0.28, 95% CI –0.45 to –0.15). (All estimates are unstandardized indirect effects and 95% bias-corrected bootstrap confidence intervals.)ConclusionsConcern over pharmaceutical companies hiding their affiliations and strategically controlling user-generated comments is well founded; these practices can greatly affect not only how viewers evaluate drug information online, but also how likely they are to propagate the information th...

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Deception with Technology

Cited by 16 publications

References 40 publications

Measuring the Construct of Warranting Value and Testing Warranting Theory

Measuring the Construct of Warranting Value and Testing Warranting Theory

‘Lyin' Ted’, ‘Crooked Hillary’, and ‘Deceptive Donald’: Language of Lies in the 2016 US Presidential Debates

How Affiliation Disclosure and Control Over User-Generated Comments Affects Consumer Health Knowledge and Behavior: A Randomized Controlled Experiment of Pharmaceutical Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Social Media

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