Decentralized V2G/G2V Scheduling of EV Charging Stations by Considering the Conversion Efficiency of Bidirectional Chargers

Abstract

With a rapid increase in the awareness of carbon reduction worldwide, the industry of electric vehicles (EVs) has started to flourish. However, the large number of EVs connected to a power grid with a large power demand and uncertainty may result in significant challenges for a power system. In this study, the optimal charging and discharging scheduling strategies of G2V/V2G and battery energy storage system (BESS) were proposed for EV charging stations. A distributed computation architecture was employed to streamline the complexity of an optimization problem. By considering EV charging/discharging conversion efficiencies for different load conditions, the proposed method was used to maximize the operational profits of each EV and BESS based on the related electricity tariff and demand response programs. Moreover, the behavior model of drivers and cost of BESS degradation caused by charging and discharging cycles were considered to improve the overall practical applicability. An EV charging station with 100 charging piles was simulated as an example to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The developed algorithms can be used for EV charging stations, load aggregators, and service companies integrated with distributed energy resources in a smart grid.

A Comprehensive Data Analysis of Electric Vehicle User Behaviors Toward Unlocking Vehicle-to-Grid Potential

“…EV usage patterns are collected in a virtual data center in both control methods to optimize the solutions with the objective functions that support sustainable environment and energy targets. Although the decentralized V2G management technique can suppress network peaks, the grid side's expected technical and economic benefits are not maximized since deficits of long-term plans and adequate information share [55]. Charging demands, network information, and other critical parameters can be used in centralized methods by archiving for optimal V2G timing and power detection.…”

Applications of smart grid technology in Nepal: status, challenges, and opportunities

“…But, in a decentralized system, EV users can plan their charging strategy and avoid the issues mentioned earlier to a greater extent (Xu et al 2019). Both strategies have their pros and cons; however, in decentralized strategy, the quick convergence of optimization problem requires low computational efforts and provides greater efficiency, which indirectly lowers the cost of equipment (Jian et al 2017;Xu et al 2019;Liao et al 2021). So, from cost-benefit perspective, the decentralized strategy appears to be a more feasible system for Nepal, which is in the early phase of EV development.…”

TD 2746 - Novas tecnologias e infraestrutura do setor elétrico brasileiro – armazenamento de energia em baterias

“…Consistem em sistemas de carga, G2V, e descarga, V2G, de baterias, bem como o controle de quando fazê-los tornando o veículo elétrico um elemento ativo nos sistemas de energia elétrica. Com isso, em mercados de energia com tarifas horárias, tarifação através de resposta da demanda, agentes agregadores, entre outras condições, sistemas G2V/V2G devem-se tornar um modelo de negócio promissor (Gartner, 2020;Liao et al, 2021).…”