Decentralized Hierarchical Control of Active Power Distribution Nodes

Kim, Myungchin; Kwasinski, Alexis

doi:10.1109/tec.2014.2362611

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…This designed converter operates in DCM, which is beneficial in limiting the inductor current, but also limits any high power operation of the system. For a higher power example, [23], [24] discuss MIMOs that are designed with energy storage at their core and rebranded as active power distribution nodes (APDN). These nodes operate as a power buffer by utilizing a dynamic operation of energy storage to correct any power mismatch that may occur between connected sources and loads.…”

Section: Multiple Input Multiple Output Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The three-row step-down TMMC was simulated once more to evaluate for proper steady state performance. These results, shown in Figure 15 and summarized in Table 5 In order to achieve the increase in converter power, the output resistor of the converter needs to shrink and requires a redesign (23 With an extra degree of confidence in the performance of the two-row TMMC Simplorer simulation, work efforts could then be applied towards the integration of energy storage along each module of the converter.…”

Section: Module Controller Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Power source buffering using a triangular modular multilevel converter with energy storage

Cardoza

Kwasinski

2016

2016 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)

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iv As power systems throughout the world continue to utilize DC infrastructure within distributed generation solutions and microgrid designs, an effective DC-DC interfacing power electronic device must be developed for managing power flow and power quality levels between a system's increasingly diversified array of sources and loads. DC-DC power electronic interfaces are continuing to gain increased attention throughout many distribution applications, including the information and communication technology (ICT), electric vehicle, and renewable generation industries.The research effort described herein explores the use of a multi-port DC-DC modular multilevel converter interfacing a dual-input connection of a 380 VDC system and a 42.9 VDC/ 40.7 A photovoltaic panel with a 96 VDC output resistive load. Ultracapacitors are used to power-buffer the input signal and in this application, the inherently intermittent solar panel output. This technology represents the merits of utilizing a singular interfacing device to consolidate the flows between joint generation and load, while maintaining stable output power using a modular energy storage solution.This work details the operation and control of the DC-DC converter and its moduleinterfaced power buffering solution, as well as provide design methodologies for the system described.

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Section: Multiple Input Multiple Output Convertersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Module Controller Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power source buffering using a triangular modular multilevel converter with energy storage

Cardoza

Kwasinski

2016

2016 IEEE International Telecommunications Energy Conference (INTELEC)

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“…The presented monitoring structures for control of ESS in previous works have just focused on a single control scheme; however; it is essential for grid scale ESSs to participate in different power services to make them financially feasible [11]. Therefore, this work takes advantage of wide area measurement system (WAMS) to present a configurable monitoring schemes for control of grid interactive ESS (GI-ESS).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synchrophasor Based Monitoring System for Grid Interactive Energy Storage System Control

Torkzadeh

Eliassi

Mazidi

et al. 2020

Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering

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Energy Storage Systems installed at primary substations can be used by different participants of the power system for handling the emerging uncertainties caused by supply-side variations, demand-side flexibility and grid topology changes. This work presents a practical design for the monitoring system of the controller of the grid interactive energy storage system. This monitoring scheme takes advantage of synchrophasor measurements gathered by phasor measurement units of wide area measurement systems. The analysis of synchrophasor measurements provides real-time situational awareness over the status of the grid. Therefore, the integration of synchrophasor measurements into the control loop of GI-ESS will enable them to participate in power services of the flexibility market. Furthermore, the implementation of a basic power oscillation damping function as an example of power services using the proposed monitoring system is illustrated in this paper.Keywords: Phasor measurement unit Á Grid interactive battery energy storage system Á Wide area control system © The Author(s) 2020 B. Németh and L. Ekonomou (Eds.): ISH 2019, LNEE 610, pp. 95-106, 2020.

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“…A lot of work has been done in MG operation and hierarchical control has become a standard method for MG [16][17][18][19]. For an islanded MG, the control aim is to balance active power (P) and reactive power (Q) between generations and power consumption, thus making MGs to operate as a controlled voltage source.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coordinated Primary and Secondary Frequency Support Between Microgrid and Weak Grid

Xiao

Mingke

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Sustain. Energy

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Dispersed wind power connected to the weak grid may cause the frequency instability. In this paper, a hierarchical controller applied to a microgrid (MG), including wind turbines (WT) and battery units (BU), is proposed to provide in a coordinated frequency support to a weak grid by adjusting the tieline active power flow according to the frequency-grid requirements. The coordination between MG local and central controllers provides the following features. (i) In case of required grid-frequency, the MG tie-line power flow will be controlled to be constant in each dispatching time interval. (ii) In case of underfrequency, the coordination between WT virtual inertia and BU controllers will be used to participate in primary frequency regulation (PFR). Then, BU supplies power according to the secondary frequency regulation (SFR) commanded by the maingrid dispatch center. (iii) In case of over-frequency, BU absorbs power to reduce the tie-line active power for PFR purposes. After that, the SFR uses pitch control coordinated with the battery charge control. A stability analysis model is established to deal with several transitions among different operation modes and the interaction between the weak grid impedance and the MG output impedance. Simulation results are presented to validate the proposed approach. Index Terms-Wind/battery microgrids, primary frequency regulation (PFR), secondary frequency regulation (SFR), hierarchical control, central controller, local controller NOMENCLATURE Parameter DescriptionWW Generated wind energy [J] T Scheduling period [min] PWf Forecast output power of WT [W] PT Average wind power [W] B * Reference power of the BU inverter [W] PWT Actual WT output power [W] PWT * WT expected output power [W] Pinertia WT virtual power inertia [W] f Difference between the grid frequency and the rated one [Hz] k PFR factor [-] kd Differential coefficient of the frequency deviation [-] PAGC_MG AGC power scheduling of MG [W] PAGC_g AGC power scheduling of grid[W] CMG Frequency-regulation capacity of the MG [W] are with Tianjin Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, Tianjin Cg Frequency-regulation capacity of the grid [W] fmin Minimum value of the normal frequency [Hz] fmax Maximum value of the normal frequency[Hz]  WT rotor angle speed [rad/s] rated WT rotor rated angle speed [rad/s]  PMSG rotor position angle[] p Pole pairs number of PMSG[-] Psloss PMSG stator losses[W] isabc PMSG stator current[A] Udc Back-to-back converter dc bus voltage[V] Air density [kg/m 3 ] WT radius[m] Wind energy utilization factor [W‧s 3 /kg‧m 2 ] β * Pitch angle reference of the WT [] β Pitch angle of the WT [] λ Tip speed ratio[-] maximum wind energy utilization factor [W‧s 3 /kg‧m 2 ] Popt WT maximum power [W] sd , sq d-q stator inductances [mH] s Stator resistance [Ω] sd , sq d-q stator voltages [V] Synchronous angular velocity[rad/s] φ Permanent magnet flux of the PMSG [Wb] Te Electromagnetic torque of the PMSG [N‧m] E Kinetic energy stored in the WT [J] J Inertia of the WT and i...

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Decentralized Hierarchical Control of Active Power Distribution Nodes

Cited by 24 publications

References 43 publications

Power source buffering using a triangular modular multilevel converter with energy storage

Power source buffering using a triangular modular multilevel converter with energy storage

Synchrophasor Based Monitoring System for Grid Interactive Energy Storage System Control

Coordinated Primary and Secondary Frequency Support Between Microgrid and Weak Grid

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