Decentralized Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies for Reduced Load Variation and Guaranteed Charge Completion in Regional Distribution Grids

Zhang, Weige; Zhang, Di; Mu, Biqiang; Wang, Le Yi; Bao, Yan; Jiang, Jiuchun; Morais, Hugo

doi:10.3390/en10020147

Cited by 34 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Demand side management (DSM) is being discussed as a promising approach for grid balancing [12,13], as it changes electricity demand of consumers with respect to the time pattern of consumption and/or load magnitude [14]. In this context, many publications consider the special case of electric vehicles as usable buffer capacities [15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

et al. 2017

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Due to the promoted integration of renewable sources, a further growth of strongly transient, distributed generation is expected. Thus, the existing electrical grid may reach its physical limits. To counteract this, and to fully exploit the viable potential of renewables, grid-balancing measures are crucial. In this work, battery storage systems are embedded in a grid simulation to evaluate their potential for grid balancing. The overall setup is based on a real, low-voltage distribution grid topology, real smart meter household load profiles, and real photovoltaics load data. An autonomous optimization routine, driven by a one-way communicated incentive, determines the prospective battery operation mode. Different battery positions and incentives are compared to evaluate their impact. The configurations incorporate a baseline simulation without storage, a single, central battery storage or multiple, distributed battery storages which together have the same power and capacity. The incentives address either market conditions, grid balancing, optimal photovoltaic utilization, load shifting, or self-consumption. Simulations show that grid-balancing incentives result in lowest peak-to-average power ratios, while maintaining negligible voltage changes in comparison to a reference case. Incentives reflecting market conditions for electricity generation, such as real-time pricing, negatively influence the power quality, especially with respect to the peak-to-average power ratio. A central, feed-in-tied storage performs better in terms of minimizing the voltage drop/rise and shows lower distribution losses, while distributed storages attached at nodes with electricity generation by photovoltaics achieve lower peak-to-average power ratios.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

et al. 2017

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“…According to the national household travel survey conducted by the US Department of Transportation, although the daily travel behavior of a single vehicle is hard to predict, the travelling of a flock of vehicles has some regular patterns. It is found that the ending time of the last journey of a day coincides with normal distribution [14], namely 2 ( ) ( , )…”

Section: A Uncoordinated Chargingmentioning

confidence: 95%

Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging Based on Real-Time Pricing

Wan¹,

Zhu²,

Su³

2018

Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Computer Science, Electronics and Communication Engineering (CSECE 2018)

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Based on the existing time-of-use electricity price pricing scheme of Beijing, a real-time pricing scheme for electric vehicle charging is proposed in this paper to perform load shifting by adjusting the hourly-changed charging price. A twostage model of determining electric vehicle charging price is proposed. In the first stage, the charging load of the next day is predicted according to statistical probabilities. Together with the prediction of the base load pattern, the charging price of each hour is then optimized accordingly as a reference for the next day. In the second stage, the exact charging price is set ahead of each hour based on the power demand in previous hours and the desired load curve. The model is first built and then solved using the CPLEX software and MATLAB programming. The simulation result shows that the peak load as well as the peakvalley load difference is reduced. The charging cost of customers is also expected to be diminished.

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“…Reactive power compensation and voltage control or voltage [58], [59], [60], [61], [62], [63], [64], [65], [66], [67], [68], Congestion alleviation, congestion prevention, Loss minimization [19], [64], [69], [70], [71], [72], [73], [74], [81], [84], [96], [107], [111] Loss reduction Load shifting [72], [75], [76], [77], [78], [79], [80], [111] Load leveling, load shaping, load flattening Peak shaving -valley filling [19], [67], [81], [82], [83], [84], [85], [86], [87], [88], [89], [90] Load shedding, load curtailment, peak clipping, load variance, load shifting…”

Section: A Proposed Classification Of Distribution System Services Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution System Services Provided by Electric Vehicles: Recent Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

Arias

Hashemi

Andersen

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Intell. Transport. Syst.

108

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Trend-setting countries have promoted or even employed an increased number of electric vehicles (EVs) and other distributed energy resources (DERs) in their power systems. This development has triggered new and increasing challenges in the distribution system planning and operation, whereby distribution systems must adapt to the increased share of DERs. However, EVs may also offer new opportunities and can be used to support the grid by providing several local and global powerand energy-based services. This paper presents a review and classification of the services potentially available from EVs for distribution systems, referred to as EV distribution system services (EV-DSS). A detailed description of recent services and approaches is given, and an assessment of the maturity of EV-DSS is provided. Moreover, challenges and prospects for future research are identified, considering key topics, such as the design of the market framework, economic assessment, battery degradation, and the impacts of the transmission system operator service provision by EVs on distribution networks. Thus, this work offers a tool for stakeholders concerning services available from EVs and provides a broad literature framework that can be used as a base for further investigations. It is aligned with the current requirements to move toward realistic implementations of EV-DSS.

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Decentralized Electric Vehicle Charging Strategies for Reduced Load Variation and Guaranteed Charge Completion in Regional Distribution Grids

Cited by 34 publications

References 36 publications

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

Battery Storage Systems as Grid-Balancing Measure in Low-Voltage Distribution Grids with Distributed Generation

Coordinated Electric Vehicle Charging Based on Real-Time Pricing

Distribution System Services Provided by Electric Vehicles: Recent Status, Challenges, and Future Prospects

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