“…24,25,50 (2) A hierarchical control structure is proposed with the combination of FOSMC techniques, and first-order low-pass filters will promote robustness against matched, unmatched uncertainties, the explosion of terms and chattering effects that have not been solved in the studies. [22][23][24][25][26] Apart from that, the use of fractional-order sliding surface plays a vital part in manually optimizing system responses, and hence system performance is improved compared to using traditional sliding surfaces as shown in the works. [27][28][29][30] (3) Instead of just approximating the moment of inertia in the study 45 or calculating uncertainties and disturbances by using fuzzy logic in the study, 30 an RBF neural network-based robust controllers (RBFNN-BRC), which is capable of adapting to uncertainties and disturbances, is implemented to estimate the complete model.…”