Decellularized Human Chorion Membrane as a Novel Biomaterial for Tissue Regeneration

Abstract

Although some placenta-derived products are already used for tissue regeneration, the human chorion membrane (HCM) alone has been poorly explored. In fact, just one study uses decellularized HCM (dHCM) with native tissue architecture (i.e., without extracellular matrix (ECM) suspension creation) as a substrate for cell differentiation. The aim of this work is to fully characterize the dHCM for the presence and distribution of cell nuclei, DNA and ECM components. Moreover, mechanical properties, in vitro biological performance and in vivo biocompatibility were also studied. Our results demonstrated that the HCM was successfully decellularized and the main ECM proteins were preserved. The dHCM has two different surfaces, the reticular layer side and the trophoblast side; and is biocompatible both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the in vivo experiments demonstrated that on day 28 the dHCM starts to be integrated by the host tissue. Altogether, these results support the hypothesis that dHCM may be used as a biomaterial for different tissue regeneration strategies, particularly when a membrane is needed to separate tissues, organs or other biologic compartments.

Developing a pro-angiogenic placenta derived amniochorionic scaffold with two exposed basement membranes as substrates for cultivating endothelial cells

“…The maximum load value for fresh amnion membrane has been reported about 3–4 N, and 2–3.5 N for the chorionic membrane, which both are significantly decreased after the majority of decellularization procedures. Biomechanical measurements indicated that compared to placental grafts with similar applications, a maximum load value of 6.04 ± 0.78 N is totally acceptable for dbACM scaffold 53 , 55 – 57 . We observed in the stress–strain test that the chorionic side of our scaffold was torn first.…”

“…Furthermore, Mason’s trichrome staining, SEM images, and IHC for collagen type IV showed that the basement membrane underneath these two layers remained intact. Removing these layers exposes the even basement membranes, which have an extensive ability for supporting various cells like mesenchymal stem cells of different origins or fibroblasts and endothelial cells 53 – 55 .…”

Developing a Pro-Angiogenic Amniochorionic-Derived Decellularized Scaffold with Two Exposed Basement Membranes for Cultivating Endothelial Cells

“…Removing these layers exposes the even basement membranes, which have an extensive ability for supporting various cells like mesenchymal stem cells of different origins or broblasts and endothelial cells. [27][28][29] The maximum load value for fresh amnion membrane has been reported about 3-4 N, and 2-3.5 N for the chorionic membrane, which both are signi cantly decreased after the majority of decellularization procedures. Biomechanical measurements indicated that compared to placental grafts with similar applications, a maximum load value of 6.04 ± 0.78 N is totally acceptable for dbACM scaffold.…”

Membranous Extracellular Matrix-Based Scaffolds for Skin Wound Healing

“…Traditional ECM membranes derived from human or animal tissues, such as pericardium, peritoneum, and chorion, have been utilized to facilitate skin wound healing [17][18][19][20][21][22]. Among them, acellular dermal matrix (ADM), small intestinal submucosa (SIS), and acellular amniotic membrane (AAM) are representative biomaterials that have been commercialized and extensively applied in the clinic [21,23,24].…”

“…Although the use of traditional ECM membranes for skin wound healing can go back decades, new types of decellularized membranes, such as those produced from forestomach, chorion, pleura, and peritoneum, are emerging [20,59,174]. The development of new convenient cell extraction strategies, such as the use of supercritical carbon dioxide for scaffold decellularization, has been reported in the literature [175][176][177][178].…”