Progress in describing the sexuality of Spaniards in the past has been accomplished by a handful of disparate movements and interests – women's history, studies of the Spanish Inquisition, literary criticism, ‘queer theory’, etc. Early modern Spanish history also presents historians with some persistent debates regarding sexual behavior; most notably, the relationship between religion and sexuality. Edward Behrend‐Martínez describes the different contributions, problems, and contradictory conclusions produced by scholars in this field, and proposes some paths forward in uncovering the history of early modern Spanish sexuality.