Decay of maternal antibodies in broiler chickens

Gharaibeh, Saad; Mahmoud, Kamel Z.

doi:10.3382/ps.2013-03249

Cited by 69 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…These passively obtained antibodies in infants can alter humoral and antibody-dependent immune responses to vaccines [43,44]. In broiler chicks maternal antibodies to pathogens persisted only for ∼10 days [45]. In our study interference of maternal antibodies was excluded.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Age-dependent immune responses and immune protection after avian coronavirus vaccination

Ginkel

Padgett

Martinez-Romero

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an endemic disease of chickens and a major contributor to economic losses for the poultry industry despite vaccination. Recent observations indicated that chicks may have an immature immune system immediately after hatching when vaccinated for IBV. Therefore we hypothesized that early IBV vaccination will generate an immature, poorly protective IBV-specific immune response contributing to immune escape and persistence of IBV. To test this hypothesis the IBV-specific immune response and immune protection were measured in chicks vaccinated at different ages. This demonstrated a delayed production of IgG and IgA plasma antibodies in the 1, 7 and 14-day-old vaccination groups and also lower IgA antibody levels were observed in plasma of the 1-day-old group. Similar observations were made for antibodies in tears. In addition, IgG antibodies from the 1-day-old group had lower avidity indices than day 28 vaccinated birds. The delayed and/or lower antibody response combined with lower IgG avidity indices coincided with increased tracheal inflammation and depletion of tracheal epithelia cells and goblet cells upon IBV field strain challenge. The lack of vaccine-mediated protection was most pronounced in the 1-day-old vaccination group and to a lesser extent the 7-day-old group, while the 14-day-old and older chickens were protected. These data strongly support IBV vaccination after day 7 post hatch.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Age-dependent immune responses and immune protection after avian coronavirus vaccination

Ginkel

Padgett

Martinez-Romero

et al. 2015

Vaccine

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“…The kinetics of maternal antibody decline is correlated to the amount of maternal antibody present in the neonate after birth in that higher titers persist for a longer time. In contrast to humans, the duration of maternal antibodies in agriculturally important animal species is usually 3–6 months (18–20) and in chicken only 4–7 days (21). In contrast, maternal antibodies in bats persist similar to humans for 6–12 months (22–24).…”

Section: Inhibition Of Vaccination By Maternal Antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternal Antibodies: Clinical Significance, Mechanism of Interference with Immune Responses, and Possible Vaccination Strategies

2014

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Neonates have an immature immune system, which cannot adequately protect against infectious diseases. Early in life, immune protection is accomplished by maternal antibodies transferred from mother to offspring. However, decaying maternal antibodies inhibit vaccination as is exemplified by the inhibition of seroconversion after measles vaccination. This phenomenon has been described in both human and veterinary medicine and is independent of the type of vaccine being used. This review will discuss the use of animal models for vaccine research. I will review clinical solutions for inhibition of vaccination by maternal antibodies, and the testing and development of potentially effective vaccines. These are based on new mechanistic insight about the inhibitory mechanism of maternal antibodies. Maternal antibodies inhibit the generation of antibodies whereas the T cell response is usually unaffected. B cell inhibition is mediated through a cross-link between B cell receptor (BCR) with the Fcγ-receptor IIB by a vaccine–antibody complex. In animal experiments, this inhibition can be partially overcome by injection of a vaccine-specific monoclonal IgM antibody. IgM stimulates the B cell directly through cross-linking the BCR via complement protein C3d and antigen to the complement receptor 2 (CR2) signaling complex. In addition, it was shown that interferon alpha binds to the CD21 chain of CR2 as well as the interferon receptor and that this dual receptor usage drives B cell responses in the presence of maternal antibodies. In lieu of immunizing the infant, the concept of maternal immunization as a strategy to protect neonates has been proposed. This approach would still not solve the question of how to immunize in the presence of maternal antibodies but would defer the time of infection to an age where infection might not have such a detrimental outcome as in neonates. I will review successful examples and potential challenges of implementing this concept.

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“…Its binding to antigen interferes with pathogen attachment and colonization. These occur particularly without maternal antibodies, which would be depleted by 10 days of age in chicken [14]. In our study, we supplied APS for 7-days-old chicken to investigate its effect on chTLR4 pathway during early mature stage.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

chTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius

Zhang

Shi

et al. 2017

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundThe Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathway involves in the pathogen recognition and defense against infection in mammals. Considering that avian and mammalian TLR are differentially mediated, the action of a natural product on avian TLR4 pathway was unclear. High, medium and low doses of Astragalus polysaccharide (APS), were treated the chicken at 7-days-old age by gavage. The sIgA level in the intestinal fluid, the expression of chTLR4 mRNA/protein in bursa of Fabricius as well as the expression of downstream molecules of chTLR4 (chMyD88, chTRIF, chNF-κB, chIRF3, chIFN-β and chTNF-α) were measured on alternate days.ResultsThe content of sIgA and the chTLR4 mRNA expression/protein level were increased in non-dose-dependent manner after APS supplement. Also, the expressions of a subset of MyD88-independent pathway genes were more than MyD88-independent, in particular with low doses of APS supplement for 7 days.ConclusionsThese suggest that administration of APS activates chTLR4 pathway in bursa of Fabricius in MyD88-independent pathway. Meanwhile, low dose of APS shows better performance regarding the activation of chTLR4 and regulation of MyD88-independent pathway.

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Decay of maternal antibodies in broiler chickens

Cited by 69 publications

References 16 publications

Age-dependent immune responses and immune protection after avian coronavirus vaccination

Age-dependent immune responses and immune protection after avian coronavirus vaccination

Maternal Antibodies: Clinical Significance, Mechanism of Interference with Immune Responses, and Possible Vaccination Strategies

chTLR4 pathway activation by Astragalus polysaccharide in bursa of Fabricius

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