Decay of intestinal enterococci concentrations in high-energy estuarine and coastal waters: towards real-time T90 values for modelling faecal indicators in recreational waters

Kay, David; Stapleton, Carl Michael; Wyer, Mark D.; McDonald, Adrian; Crowther, John; Paul, Nigel D.; Jones, Keith; Francis, Carol; Watkins, John; Wilkinson, J.; Humphrey, N. F.; Lin, BinLiang; Liu, Yang; Falconer, Roger Alexander; Gardner, Simon

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2004.11.014

Cited by 78 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…The ability of DNA to absorb UV light was discovered in 1929 (117), leading to studies of the mechanism of UV damage to DNA and microbial inactivation (33,97,189). Many mesocosm studies have noted the germicidal effect (defined as a loss of culturability) of sunlight on enterococci (77,112,187,255,286,(306)(307)(308) (Table 2); however, the reported time required to achieve a 90% reduction in the concentration (T 90 ) (equivalent to a 1-log reduction) varies widely according to geographic and seasonal factors and the experimental design (e.g., the source of the inoculum or physicochemical properties of the water). For example, in marine and estuarine waters inoculated with sewage, the reported T 90 values range from 2 h (112) to 35 h (187).…”

Section: Responses To Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, in marine and estuarine waters inoculated with sewage, the reported T 90 values range from 2 h (112) to 35 h (187). Generally, mesocosm studies of saline waters conducted in warmer climates (112,(306)(307)(308), during summer months (255,306,307), and in waters with relatively low turbidity (112,187) reported lower T 90 values (more rapid die-off) than those reported for colder climates (187), winter months (255,(306)(307)(308), and turbid waters (187). A similar trend was observed in freshwater mesocosm studies, where the reduction in levels of enterococci was enhanced at higher temperatures (i.e., during summer months and in warmer climates) (180,255,308).…”

Section: Responses To Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While sunlight inactivation of microorganisms is a natural, low-cost process for the treatment of contaminated water, its efficacy depends on numerous environmental factors, including the chemical composition of the water (e.g., dissolved oxygen and turbidity) and site characteristics (e.g., depth). The depth (77-79, 112, 180, 215) and turbidity (60,78,113,187) of irradiated water are inversely proportional to the effectiveness of sunlight disinfection. Both factors are positively correlated with the absorbance, which is the difference between the amount of light energy (measured at a specific wavelength) that enters a sample and the amount that passes through it (338).…”

Section: Responses To Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterococci in the Environment

Byappanahalli

Nevers

Korajkic

et al. 2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

559

383

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SUMMARYEnterococci are common, commensal members of gut communities in mammals and birds, yet they are also opportunistic pathogens that cause millions of human and animal infections annually. Because they are shed in human and animal feces, are readily culturable, and predict human health risks from exposure to polluted recreational waters, they are used as surrogates for waterborne pathogens and as fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in research and in water quality testing throughout the world. Evidence from several decades of research demonstrates, however, that enterococci may be present in high densities in the absence of obvious fecal sources and that environmental reservoirs of these FIB are important sources and sinks, with the potential to impact water quality. This review focuses on the distribution and microbial ecology of enterococci in environmental (secondary) habitats, including the effect of environmental stressors; an outline of their known and apparent sources, sinks, and fluxes; and an overview of the use of enterococci as FIB. Finally, the significance of emerging methodologies, such as microbial source tracking (MST) and empirical predictive models, as tools in water quality monitoring is addressed. The mounting evidence for widespread extraenteric sources and reservoirs of enterococci demonstrates the versatility of the genusEnterococcusand argues for the necessity of a better understanding of their ecology in natural environments, as well as their roles as opportunistic pathogens and indicators of human pathogens.

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Section: Responses To Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responses To Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responses To Environmental Stressorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enterococci in the Environment

Byappanahalli

Nevers

Korajkic

et al. 2012

Microbiol Mol Biol Rev

559

383

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“…En época de lluvia, durante 2009, se presentaron concentraciones de hasta 40UFC/100 ml en la estación de Tolú [20], siendo inferiores a los registrados en esta investigación (0 -7000 UFC/100mL), los cuales no cumplen con los valores mínimos de calidad del agua estipulados por OMI, EPA y CEE [16][17][18]. Se ha encontrado que esta bacteria, reconocida por su resistencia a ambientes adversos, puede ser inactivada por factores como la luz solar [26].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Variación espacio-temporal de la calidad del agua del Golfo de Morrosquillo durante el año 2013

Mateus¹,

Saavedra²

2015

BCCIOH

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RESUMENEn el Golfo de Morrosquillo se registraron mayores niveles de indicadores fecales durante octubre (época de lluvia) que en marzo (época seca), debido al incremento de las precipitaciones y el aumento de caudal de ríos y arroyos que contribuyeron al aporte de nutrientes, sedimentos y coliformes totales hacia el Golfo de Morrosquillo. Sin embargo, al integrar la valoración de variables fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas, a través de un índice de calidad del agua, se determinó que las condiciones del cuerpo hídrico se clasifican en media y buena, con relación a la época climática y a la cercanía a las ciudades costeras como Tolú y Coveñas; evidenciando cambios en la calidad por deficiencia en el saneamiento público o por cambios en aportes continentales provenientes del río Sinú, y que marcan la dinámica de nutrientes y las características propias del agua (concentración de sólidos suspendidos, coliformes totales y fecales, salinidad, oxígeno disuelto, temperatura y transparencia).PALABRAS CLAVES: índice de calidad de aguas, coliformes totales, E. coli, contaminación, sólidos suspendidos, oxígeno disuelto, Golfo de Morrosquillo. ABSTRACTIn the Morrosquillo gulf were recorded higher levels of fecal indicators on October (rainy season) than March (dry season) as a result of increase rainfall and rivers flow that contributed to the sediment, nutrients and total Coliform towards the Morrosquillo gulf. When integrating physicochemical and microbiological parameters through the quality water index, allowed estimated the conditions of the water between media and good in relation to weather and short distance of the coastal cities like Tolú and Coveñas, it shows to changes in the quality water due to deficienty public sanitation or water stream from the Sinú River than conduce nutrients and others characteristics of the water (Concentration suspended solids, total and fecal coliforms, salinity, dissolved oxygen, temperature and Transparency).

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“…Many microorganisms including bacteria respond to light. In recent years research focused on determining the bacterial inactivation rate under several physical environmental factors such as light intensity, radiance, temperature and turbidity (Sinton et al 2002;Yukselen et al 2003;Kay et al 2005). However, little data are available on the combined influence of the darkness and various pH in the disinfection process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of the effect of Artemisia annua leave extract infusion pH under dark conditions on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi and Escherichia coli

Mobili¹,

Nola²,

Nougang³

et al. 2013

J. App. Bioscience.

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Objectives:The influence of abiotic factors of water which may affect Artemesia annua (A. annua) efficiency as a disinfectant is not clearly elucidated. This study aimed to assess the potential effects of various water pH values of the infusion of A. annua leaves extract on some bacteria of hygiene and sanitary evaluation. Methodology and Results: A. annua leaves were collected in Bangante (West region, Cameroon) and bacteria were isolated from the surface water (lotic hydrosystems) in Yaoundé (Cameroon, Central Africa). The bacteria used were S. paratyphi, S. aureus and E. coli. Experiments were carried out in aquatic microcosms under dark conditions. The pH values considered were 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9. These values were adjusted using diluted HCl and NaOH. The results showed the temporal changes of cell abundance from one bacteria species to another with respect to the pH value in one hand, and also with respect to the number of cell species in solution on the other hand. In monospecific culture condition, the extract of A. annua seemed to appear as a source of carbon and energy for bacteria growth. In mixed cultures the influence of pH in the presence of the extract of A. annua in the dark seemed to foster trophic relations among bacteria in some cases and stimulate the production of inhibitory substances in other cases. Conclusions and application of findings: Molecules contained in the extract of A. annua were potentially implicated in the physical and chemical changes of the medium, enabling the cell growth observed. A. annua extract did not have a significant bacterial inhibitory property in the water in the darkness. Although A. annua extract is often used as antibacterial component, it should not be used in the bacteriological treatment of drinking water under dark condition whether the water pH is acidic, neutral or alkaline.

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Decay of intestinal enterococci concentrations in high-energy estuarine and coastal waters: towards real-time T90 values for modelling faecal indicators in recreational waters

Cited by 78 publications

References 29 publications

Enterococci in the Environment

Enterococci in the Environment

Variación espacio-temporal de la calidad del agua del Golfo de Morrosquillo durante el año 2013

Assessment of the effect of <i>Artemisia annua</i> leave extract infusion pH under dark conditions on <i>Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella paratyphi</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i>

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