Decarbonisation of heavy-duty diesel engines using hydrogen fuel: a review of the potential impact on NO<sub><i>x</i></sub> emissions

Wright, Madeleine L.; Lewis, Alastair C.

doi:10.1039/d2ea00029f

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Lee [35] tested a high-pressure direct injection hydrogen engine that was producing a large amount of NOx because of the high in-cylinder temperature due to the fast combustion of the hydrogen flame. Wright and Lewis [36] based on available literature experimental data inferred that the use of EGR at very high and very low loads can contribute to the reduction of NOx emissions and suggested that if the cost is reasonable, technology can be used to reduce NOx emissions from hydrogen engines depending on the actual engine operating load. Bao et al [37] experimented on a direct injection hydrogen engine where the addition of a turbocharger increased maximum power at 2000 rpm and maximum torque lift at 4400 rpm by 123% and 195% respectively.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Miller Cycle and Net-Zero Fuel(s) to Diesel Engine: Effect on the Performance and NOx Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Engine

Yang

Wang

2023

Energies

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Diesel engines play a very significant role in the automotive industry, but the total emissions of diesel engines are more than 1.8 times that of petrol engines. It is therefore important for diesel engines to control emissions. Theoretically, the Miller cycle can be used to achieve NOx reductions by changing the effective compression ratio, while it has become increasingly popular in recent years with the increasing maturity of current turbocharging technology. Based on Ricardo WAVE software, this paper analyses the NOx emissions and engine performance of diesel engines by modelling and simulating their operation under different loads with two types of Miller cycles (EIVC and LIVC) at different degrees. Simulation of engines operating under different loads allows a more comprehensive study of the effects of the Miller cycle on the engine, and a specific analysis in the context of the actual engine operating environment. The result is that both versions of the Miller cycle are most effective in reducing NOx emissions at 10% load, showing a maximum reduction of 21% for EIVC and 37% for LIVC. However, as the Miller cycle decreases engine power, the paper further investigates the application of turbocharger systems in the EIVC Miller cycle, with results showing a 32% increase in brake power at 10% load and −25% EIVC Miller cycle degree. Both ethanol-fueled diesel-cycle and Miller cycle engines were also analyzed, and a reduction in NOx emissions was observed, as well as hydrogen engine performance and NOx emissions.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Miller Cycle and Net-Zero Fuel(s) to Diesel Engine: Effect on the Performance and NOx Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Engine

Yang

Wang

2023

Energies

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“…The present study investigates the combustion of a woody gas mixture similar to that produced by a woody biomass's pyro-gasification obtained by Farokhi et al [29] (similar to olive mill solid waste syngas). The combustion of such gas mixtures showed a reduction of NOx emissions during the combustion of CO and H 2 with air [30]. Furthermore, this gas mixture was recently investigated as an alternative fuel for reciprocating engines and gas turbines in the context of heat and/or electricity generation or co-generation processes [31,32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Numerical Study of Turbulent Combustion of a Lignocellulosic Gas Mixture in an Updraft Fixed Bed Reactor

et al. 2022

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Lignocellulosic biomass is an established source of energy with various applications. Yet, its diversity renders the proper combustion of its thermochemical degradation vapors challenging. In this work, the combustion of syngas obtained from biomass thermochemical conversion was numerically investigated to limit pollutant emission. The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulation was performed using the open-source OpenFOAM. The reactor was considered in an axisymmetric configuration. The gas mixture resulting from the pyro-gasification devolatilization was composed of seven species: CO, CO2, H2O, N2, O2, light, and heavy hydrocarbon, represented by methane (CH4) and benzene (C6H6), respectively. The evolutions of mass, momentum, energy, and species’ concentrations were tracked. The flow was modeled using the RANS formulation. For the chemistry, reduced kinetic schemes of three and four steps were tested. Moreover, the Eddy Dissipation Concept (EDC) model was used to account for the turbulence–chemistry interaction. The numerical prediction enabled us to describe the temperature and the species. Results show that all transported variables were closely dependent on the mass flow rate of the inflow gas, the primary and the secondary air injections. Finally, from a process perspective, the importance of the secondary air inlet to limit pollutants emissions can be concluded.

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Influence of Decarbonization on Selected Parameters of ICE

et al. 2023

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The paper focuses on the area of experimental measurements for monitoring the impact of decarbonization on the technical and environmental parameters of the ICE. The condition for the implementation of the measurements was the selection of an ICE that had driven more than 300,790 km. During the laboratory tests, several test methods were used to assess the technical and emission conditions of the tested ICE with the code designation ALH, which is used in VOLKSWAGEN BORA vehicles. The technical parameters of the tested ICE (corrected power PNorm and torque MMom), emission parameters (absorption coefficient k and NOx emission) and fuel consumption parameters (specific fuel consumption bsfc) were compared and evaluated in the results. The results show that the decarbonization process on the tested vehicle VOLKSVWAGEN BORA 1.9 TDi affected the emission parameters but did not affect the technical parameters and specific fuel consumption.

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Decarbonisation of heavy-duty diesel engines using hydrogen fuel: a review of the potential impact on NO_x emissions

Abstract: Hydrogen–diesel co-fuelling may reduce NOx and PM2.5 emissions if used in lower load construction machinery and HGVs. In high load applications such as electrical generators, emissions could be higher than pure diesel, unless further abated.

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Application of Miller Cycle and Net-Zero Fuel(s) to Diesel Engine: Effect on the Performance and NOx Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Engine

Application of Miller Cycle and Net-Zero Fuel(s) to Diesel Engine: Effect on the Performance and NOx Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Engine

A Numerical Study of Turbulent Combustion of a Lignocellulosic Gas Mixture in an Updraft Fixed Bed Reactor

Influence of Decarbonization on Selected Parameters of ICE

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Decarbonisation of heavy-duty diesel engines using hydrogen fuel: a review of the potential impact on NOx emissions

Abstract: Hydrogen–diesel co-fuelling may reduce NOx and PM2.5 emissions if used in lower load construction machinery and HGVs. In high load applications such as electrical generators, emissions could be higher than pure diesel, unless further abated.

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Application of Miller Cycle and Net-Zero Fuel(s) to Diesel Engine: Effect on the Performance and NOx Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Engine

Application of Miller Cycle and Net-Zero Fuel(s) to Diesel Engine: Effect on the Performance and NOx Emissions of a Single-Cylinder Engine

A Numerical Study of Turbulent Combustion of a Lignocellulosic Gas Mixture in an Updraft Fixed Bed Reactor

Influence of Decarbonization on Selected Parameters of ICE

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Resources

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Decarbonisation of heavy-duty diesel engines using hydrogen fuel: a review of the potential impact on NO_x emissions