Decapentaplegic (dpp) regulates the growth of a morphological novelty, beetle horns

Wasik, Bethany R.; Moczek, Armin P.

doi:10.1007/s00427-011-0355-7

Cited by 31 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Previous studies showed a trade-off between head horns and genitalia (Moczek and Nijhout 2004;Parzer and Moczek 2008;Simmons and Emlen 2006;Simmons et al 2007) and have been corroborated by a growing number of researches showing that genetic manipulations directed at horn development generally also affect genitalic growth (Moczek and Rose 2009;Snell-Rood and Moczek 2011;Wasik and Moczek 2011). Our data supported these results, but in this study we also found that the parts that make up primary sexual traits might not all be subject to trade-offs in the same manner.…”

Section: Primary Sexual Traitssupporting

confidence: 92%

Trade-off between horns and other functional traits in two Onthophagus species (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera)

et al. 2012

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Beetle horns are extraordinarily diversified secondary sexual structures used for mate choice and male-male combat. Due to an interaction of nutritional, hormonal and genetic factors, their polyphenic development is metabolically expensive and occurs in the virtually closed system of the pre-pupal stage, after the developing larva has stopped feeding. Previous studies showed the occurrence of resource competition resulting in a trade-off between horns and other morphological structures. These studies also revealed functional associations between autoecology and horns, as a function of their physical location (i.e. head versus pronotum), and suggested that constraints imposed by trade-offs on adult morphology may have profound evolutionary consequences, such as ecological and reproductive isolation. In this study, we compared trade-off patterns between horns and other functional traits (eyes, antennae, legs, head, epipharynges and genitalia) in two congeneric species bearing horns located in the same anatomical area, but with different morphologies. Specifically, we considered Onthophagus taurus, characterised by a pair of long, lunated cephalic horns, and Onthophagus fracticornis, expressing a single cephalic horn. We demonstrated that, even when horns are located in the same physical position on the insect's body, differences in horn morphology can bring about differences in how functional traits respond to horn investment. These differences are interpretable in the light of the hierarchy of functions carried out by these structures and their component parts in each species.

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Section: Primary Sexual Traitssupporting

confidence: 92%

Trade-off between horns and other functional traits in two Onthophagus species (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera)

et al. 2012

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“…However, a growing number of studies show that genetic manipulations directed at appendage development generally also affect genitalic growth (e.g. insulin signaling: Snell-Rood and Moczek, in review) and differentiation (proximo-distal patterning: [54]; TGFβ signaling: [55]). This suggests that, in principle, much developmental opportunity exists for pleiotropy-driven genitalic divergence and coevolution.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape - but Not Size - Codivergence between Male and Female Copulatory Structures in Onthophagus Beetles

et al. 2011

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Genitalia are among the fastest evolving morphological traits in arthropods. Among the many hypotheses aimed at explaining this observation, some explicitly or implicitly predict concomitant male and female changes of genital traits that interact during copulation (i.e., lock and key, sexual conflict, cryptic female choice and pleiotropy). Testing these hypotheses requires insights into whether male and female copulatory structures that physically interact during mating also affect each other's evolution and patterns of diversification. Here we compare and contrast size and shape evolution of male and female structures that are known to interact tightly during copulation using two model systems: (a) the sister species O. taurus (1 native, 3 recently established populations) and O. illyricus, and (b) the species-complex O. fracticornis-similis-opacicollis. Partial Least Squares analyses indicated very little to no correlation between size and shape of copulatory structures, both in males and females. Accordingly, comparing shape and size diversification patterns of genitalia within each sex showed that the two components diversify readily - though largely independently of each other - within and between species. Similarly, comparing patterns of divergence across sexes showed that relative sizes of male and female copulatory organs diversify largely independent of each other. However, performing this analysis for genital shape revealed a signature of parallel divergence. Our results therefore suggest that male and female copulatory structures that are linked mechanically during copulation may diverge in concert with respect to their shapes. Furthermore, our results suggest that genital divergence in general, and co-divergence of male and female genital shape in particular, can evolve over an extraordinarily short time frame. Results are discussed in the framework of the hypotheses that assume or predict concomitant evolutionary changes in male and female copulatory organs.

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“…Both approaches have been successful in identifying genes, genetic pathways, and regulatory differences underlying species-specific morphologies in a variety of taxa including plants (Luo et al 1996;Doebley et al 1997;Da et al 1999;Galego and Almeida 2002;Hubbard et al 2002;Corley et al 2005;Clark et al 2006;Hay and Tsiantis 2006), cnidarians (Khalturin et al 2008), arthropods (Stern 1998;Sucena and Stern 2000;Beldade et al 2002;Ronshaugen et al 2002;Wittkopp et al 2003Wittkopp et al , 2009Reed and Serfas 2004;Gompel et al 2005;Prud'homme et al 2006;Barmina and Kopp 2007;McGregor et al 2007;Moczek and Rose 2009;Hrycaj et al 2010;Loehlin et al 2010;Shirataki et al 2010;Wasik et al 2010;Werner et al 2010;Wasik and Moczek 2011), echinoderms (Hinman and Davidson 2007), fish (Fraser et al 2009), birds (Abzhanov et al 2004(Abzhanov et al , 2006Mallarino et al 2011), mammals (Cretekos et al 2008), as well as morphological differences between more distantly related groups of organisms such as agnathans and gnathostomes (Meulemans and Bronner-Fraser 2002;McCauley and Bronner-Fraser 2006).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Genetic Basis of Rapidly Evolving Male Genital Morphology inDrosophila

et al. 2011

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The external genitalia are some of the most rapidly evolving morphological structures in insects. The posterior lobe of the male genital arch shows striking differences in both size and shape among closely related species of the Drosophila melanogaster species subgroup. Here, we dissect the genetic basis of posterior lobe morphology between D. mauritiana and D. sechellia, two island endemic species that last shared a common ancestor 300,000 years ago. We test a large collection of genome-wide homozygous D. mauritiana genetic introgressions, which collectively cover 50% of the genome, for their morphological effects when placed in a D. sechellia genetic background. We find several introgressions that have large effects on posterior lobe morphology and that posterior lobe size and posterior lobe shape can be separated genetically for some of the loci that specify morphology. Using next generation sequencing technology, we perform whole transcriptome gene expression analyses of the larval genital imaginal disc of D. mauritiana, D. sechellia, and two D. mauritiana-D. sechellia hybrid introgression genotypes that each have large effects on either posterior lobe size or posterior lobe shape. Many of the genes we identify as differentially expressed are expressed at levels similar to D. mauritiana in one introgression hybrid, but are expressed at levels similar to D. sechellia in the other introgression hybrid. However, we also find that both introgression hybrids express some of the same genes at levels similar to D. mauritiana, and notably, that both introgression hybrids possess genes in the insulin receptor signaling pathway, which are expressed at D. mauritiana expression levels. These results suggest the possibility that the insulin signaling pathway might integrate size and shape genetic inputs to establish differences in overall posterior lobe morphology between D. mauritiana and D. sechellia. M ORPHOLOGICAL evolution is an important mechanism for generating biodiversity. One of the goals of evolutionary developmental biology is to identify genes that specify morphology and understand how genetic variation at those loci directs development to give rise to intra-and interspecific differences in morphology. Two different approaches have been primarily used to identify genes important for specifying morphological differences between species. One approach has been to identify genes that are important for development of morphological structures in one species and study their developmental roles in closely related species.The second approach has been to genetically map regions of the genome that have large morphological effects between species that produce viable, fertile hybrid offspring to identify the causative loci. Both approaches have been successful in identifying genes, genetic pathways, and regulatory differences underlying species-specific morphologies in a variety of taxa including plants (Luo et al. 1996;Doebley et al.

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Decapentaplegic (dpp) regulates the growth of a morphological novelty, beetle horns

Cited by 31 publications

References 32 publications

Trade-off between horns and other functional traits in two Onthophagus species (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera)

Trade-off between horns and other functional traits in two Onthophagus species (Scarabaeidae, Coleoptera)

Shape - but Not Size - Codivergence between Male and Female Copulatory Structures in Onthophagus Beetles

The Genetic Basis of Rapidly Evolving Male Genital Morphology inDrosophila

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