Decades of Party Distrust. Persistence through Reform in Italy

Abstract

One common feature of the Italian political space over the past half century has been the presence of distrust in political parties and the presence of anti-system parties on both the left and the right. Discontent with existing elites and the political system has taken many forms, including referendums altering the electoral system. Both the character of the main parties and the rules by which they are elected have been reformed 4 times since the 1980s. However, as the elections of 2013 and 2018 and the referendum of 2016 demonstrate, Italians still have a high amount of resentment towards party elites and the operation of the system. Using data from Italian National Election Studies, this paper traces the development of this party resentment with a focus on three questions: 1) How has resentment towards party representiveness changed with the electoral and party reforms 2) Who was likely to hold this resentment 3) What was the party affiliation of those most resentful, or did they abstain? Results stress that socio-demographic differences had little effect on understanding the source of party resentment; distrust in parties correlates well with distrust in parliament and political administration. General social distrust did not translate into a distrust for parties. We conclude that discontent can be separated into a political dimension associated with current governance and one of a more systemic nature.

Attitudes towards lockdown, trust in institutions, and civic engagement: A study on Sicilians during the coronavirus lockdown

“…In Italy, as in other countries, there is a constant decline in trust in institutions (OECD, 2017 ). A survey conducted in 2019 (before the pandemic) showed that trust in institutions has dwarfed public and political organizations, except the Pope (Demos, 2019 ); moreover, a specific study on political institutions shows that Italians have little faith in parties, parliament, and the government (Bergman et al, 2021 ). After all, since the 1990s the country has been the scene of great political scandals (Pardo, 2004 ) and numerous cases of corruption which, by violating the democratic contract, have partly compromised citizens' trust in the political system (Memoli, 2011 ; Pardo, 2018 ).…”