Debt, social disadvantage and maternal depression

Reading, Richard; Reynolds, Shirley

doi:10.1016/s0277-9536(00)00347-6

Cited by 185 publications

(152 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For example subjective aspects of debt such as worry and stress about debt (Cooke et al, 2004;Drentea & Reynolds, 2012), considering dropping out of university due to debt (Roberts et al, 1999l 2000, hopelessness (Meltzer et al, 2011), financial concern (Cooke et al, 2004;Jessop et al, 2005), locus of control around finances (Lange & Byrd, 1998), or believing finances will worsen (Brown et al, 2005) are related mental health. In addition some studies demonstrate they are more important that objective measures such as amount of debt (Bridges & Disney, 2001;Reading & Reynolds, 2001), and may mediate the relationship between debt and health (Jessop et al, 2005;Meltzer et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a study examining financial hardship in lone mothers, Hope, Power, and Rodgers (1999) found that in women overall, debt was linked to being high risk for depression. Another smaller longitudinal study found that debt was related to post-natal depression, but that worry about debt was more important than amount of debt (Reading & Reynolds, 2001). Four studies looked at Ethnic minority populations in the US.…”

Section: Other Specific Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Richardson

Elliott

Roberts

2013

Clinical Psychology Review

339

278

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This paper systematically reviews the relationship between personal unsecured debt and health. Psychinfo, Embase and Medline were searched and 52 papers were accepted. A hand and citedby search produced an additional 13 references leading to 65 papers in total. Panel surveys, nationally representative epidemiological surveys and psychological autopsy studies have examined the relationship, as have studies on specific populations such as university students, debt management clients and older adults. Most studies examined relationships with mental health and depression in particular. Studies of physical health have also shown a relationship with self-rated health and outcomes such as obesity. There is also a strong relationship with suicide completion, and relationships with drug and alcohol abuse. The majority of studies found that more severe debt is related to worse health; however causality is hard to establish. A meta-analysis of pooled odds ratios showed a significant relationship between debt and mental disorder (OR=3.24), depression (OR=2.77), suicide completion (OR=7.9), suicide completion or attempt (OR=5.76), problem drinking (OR=2.68), drug dependence (OR=8.57), neurotic disorder (OR=3.21) and psychotic disorders (OR=4.03). There was no significant relationship with smoking (OR=1.35, p>.05). Future longitudinal research is needed to determine causality and establish potential mechanisms and mediators of the relationship.Dr Bellack, Please find attached a response to the reviewer's comments and an amended manuscript. We hope that these changes address the concerns raised, and the paper can now be accepted for -This relationship is especially strong for mental health in particular depression.-There are also relationships with substance use and suicide.-Research suffers from inconsistent use of standardised measures.-A lack of longitudinal studies makes it difficult to demonstrate causality. *Highlights (for review)We would like to thank the reviewer for their detailed comments. In relation to these we have made the following changes, which have all been marked in the main manuscript via track changes:-We have now clarified in the title, abstract, introduction, discussion and highlights that this examines personal unsecured debt specifically.-In the Method, Search Procedure we have changed "Classes" into "Classed" -In Appendix B (Characteristics of Panel Surveys) we have added "years" to 4-6. The formatting of the tables meant that some words were cut off: this has now been corrected for all the tables.-Page 17, fifth line of first paragraph, "self-related" has been changed to "self-rated." -Page 19, second paragraph, a new paragraph has been started after the line beginning "The advantage." -Page 20, first line of second paragraph, "somewhat unclear" has been changed to "unclear".-Page 21, second paragraph, the first line has been amended to specify about "personal, unsecured debt".-Page 5: more detail has been added to justify why studies on secured loans and mortgage debt were excluded.-Resul...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Other Specific Populationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Richardson

Elliott

Roberts

2013

Clinical Psychology Review

339

278

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“…These results are in accord with previous research. 24,57,58 One of the mechanisms by which financial difficulties may affect psychiatric disorders is perceived stress. Stress over an extended period of time is related to mental health problems such as depression.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Mental Health Services by Minority Urban Adults: Psychosocial Predictors

et al. 2014

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Although most mental disorders have their first onset by young adulthood, there are few longitudinal studies of these problems and related help-seeking behavior. The present study examined some early and current predictors of the use of mental health services among African-American and Puerto Rican participants in their mid-30s. The 674 participants (52.8 % African Americans, 47.2 % Puerto Ricans; 60.1 % women) in this study were first seen in 1990 when the participants attended schools serving the East Harlem area of New York City. A structural equation model controlling for the participants' gender, educational level in emerging adulthood, and age at the most recent data collection showed significant standardized pathways from both ethnicity (β=−0.28; z= −4.82; pG0.001) and psychological symptoms (β=0.15; z=2.41; pG0.05), both measured in emerging adulthood, to smoking in the early 30s. That, in turn, was associated with certain physical diseases and symptoms (i.e., respiratory) in the mid-30s (β=0.16; z=2.59; pG0.05). These physical diseases and symptoms had a cross-sectional association with family financial difficulty in the mid-30s (β=0.21; z=4.53; pG0.001), which in turn also had a cross-sectional association with psychiatric disorders (β=0.30; z=5.30; pG0.001). Psychiatric disorders had a cross-sectional association with mental health services utilization (β=0.65; z=13.25; pG0.001). Additional pathways from the other domains to mental health services utilization in the mid-30s were also supported by the mediating role of psychiatric disorders. Results obtained from this research offer theoretical and practical information regarding the processes leading to the use of mental health services.

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“…Poor (mental) health is often associated with less engaged parenting and a reduced ability to emotionally attend and respond to children's needs; these, in turn, can affect the psychological and emotional well-being of children. In addition, it should be underlined that the economic resources and mental health of parents are not independent of each other: economically disadvantaged individuals are more likely than advantaged ones to experience psychological problems (for example, see Readings and Reynolds, 2001); but, in turn, socio-economic deprivation and financial difficulties frequently coincide with mental health difficulties (Hudson, 2005;Jenkins et al, 2008). On the other hand, the literature documents that both the material resources and the parents' health vary considerably across living arrangements.…”

Section: Why Does Family Structure Matter For Adolescents' Well-being?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Family contexts and adolescents' emotional status

Meggiolaro

Ongaro

2014

Journal of Youth Studies

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Children's living arrangements have become increasingly diverse and complex in recent decades: a significant proportion of children reside in stepfamilies or in separated one-parent families, even in countries such as Italy, which only recently are undergoing a transition from traditional to less traditional family behaviours. The present study explores whether adolescents living in families which are the result of separation or divorce have lower levels of psychological well-being than those living in more traditional families, and whether this possible effect of family structure is influenced by family resources (parental socio-economic circumstances and parental health). These issues are investigated using data from a national representative survey conducted in Italy in 2005. Results suggest that adolescents living in non-traditional families are not necessarily at higher risk of emotional suffering than others. Only adolescents who live in step-families show a lower level of emotional well-being than those living in two-biological-parent families, and this effect is not mediated by family resources. Abstract: Children's living arrangements have become increasingly diverse and complex in recent decades: a significant proportion of children reside in step-families or in separated one-parent families, even in countries such as Italy, which only recently are undergoing a transition from traditional to less traditional family behaviours. The present study explores whether adolescents living in families which are the result of separation or divorce have lower levels of psychological well-being than those living in more traditional families, and whether this possible effect of family structure is influenced by family resources (parental socio-economic circumstances and parental health). These issues are investigated using data from a national representative survey conducted in Italy in 2005. Results suggest that adolescents living in non-traditional families are not necessarily at higher risk of emotional suffering than others. Only adolescents who live in step-families show a lower level of emotional well-being than those living in two-biologicalparent families, and this effect is not mediated by family resources. Keywords

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Debt, social disadvantage and maternal depression

Cited by 185 publications

References 36 publications

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

The relationship between personal unsecured debt and mental and physical health: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Utilization of Mental Health Services by Minority Urban Adults: Psychosocial Predictors

Family contexts and adolescents' emotional status

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