Debris flow modeling: A review

Hutter, Kolumban; Svendsen, Bob; Rickenmann, Dieter

doi:10.1007/bf01175749

Cited by 149 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…Generally speaking, the friction term can be computed according to three different schemes: (a) one-phase model, accounting for the overall resistance behaviour of the solid-fl uid mixture; (b) two-phase model, considering separately the contribution to the resistance force associated with liquid and solid phases; (c) multi-layer model, assuming a number of superimposed fl owing layers, each one with a specifi c fl ow resistance behaviour. An appreciable review of these models can be found, as an example, in [13], whereas signifi cant information about two-phase models can be found in [15].…”

Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This formulation is kept in the present work, while the innovation stands in the numerical implementation, since a fi nite volume method based on Roe's scheme is used instead of the MacCormack fi nite difference method [9,10]. The main reason is the necessity of correctly capturing front wave propagation speed in case of initially dry bed, for which Riemann solvers-based techniques are recommended [11][12][13][14]. The second reason is the intention to verify if the model stability features are kept even if the numerical implementation radically changes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Schippa¹,

Pavan²

2011

Int. J. SAFE

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Mud and debris fl ows are natural phenomena representing serious hazard for population and structures in mountain zones, because of their rapid occurrence and the diffi culty in forecasting the phenomena initiation. Numerical models can however be useful in predicting the peak discharge and the strength of fl owing mass, helping administrations in preparing risk mitigation measures. In this work, a numerical model for hyperconcentrated fl ows is presented. It is based on shallow water equations, with a particular source terms treatment which translates into an increased numerical stability and makes the model highly versatile. The test case applications focus on some fundamental characteristics necessary for debris-and mud-fl ow representation. In particular, classic dam-break problems have been used to test wave celerity and wet-dry fronts propagation, while a mud-fl ow dam-break problem has been chosen to investigate model sensibility to different rheological schemes. Then, the model has been applied to two real events that occurred in Northern Italy. The fi rst one is a debris fl ow which took place at Acquabona, near Cortina d'Ampezzo. This event is extensively documented, since it has been observed by a monitoring station prepared by the University of Padua. The second one is a tragic event, during which the little town of Stava has been stricken by a destructive mud fl ow caused by the collapse of two earth dams.

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Section: Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Schippa¹,

Pavan²

2011

Int. J. SAFE

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“…On the basis of the video recorded images of some events (Deganutti et al, 1998) we have assumed that the coarse fraction gives to the overall mixture a rather high drainage capability, although no experimental measurements are available on this aspect. We thus deem that the effect due to the excess-pore fluid pressure (Hungr, 1995;Hutter et al, 1996;Iverson, 1997) can be neglected. This hypothesis is equivalent to state that the excess pore pressure, if present, dissipates in time-scales much smaller than the time scale of the water-sediment propagation.…”

Section: The Mathematical Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of rheology on debris-flow simulation

Arattano

Franzi

Marchi

2006

Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. Systems of partial differential equations that include the momentum and the mass conservation equations are commonly used for the simulation of debris flow initiation, propagation and deposition both in field and in laboratory research. The numerical solution of the partial differential equations can be very complicated and consequently many approximations that neglect some of their terms have been proposed in literature. Many numerical methods have been also developed to solve the equations. However we show in this paper that the choice of a reliable rheological model can be more important than the choice of the best approximation or the best numerical method to employ. A simulation of a debris flow event that occurred in 2004 in an experimental basin on the Italian Alps has been carried out to investigate this issue. The simulated results have been compared with the hydrographs recorded during the event. The rheological parameters that have been obtained through the calibration of the mathematical model have been also compared with the rheological parameters obtained through the calibration of previous events, occurred in the same basin. The simulation results show that the influence of the inertial terms of the Saint-Venant equation is much more negligible than the influence of the rheological parameters and the geometry. A methodology to quantify this influence has been proposed.

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“…Two-phase models are similar except that they separate the flow material into solid and fluid components, positing separate mass and momentum balances and therefore applying different rheological laws for each phase. The components are coupled via momentum exchanges [Hutter et al, 1996].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dispersive Pressure, Boundary Jerk and Configurational Changes in Debris Flows

Bartelt

McArdell²,

Graf³

et al. 2016

IJECE

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The granular rock material within a debris flow experiences jerk (change in acceleration) as it runs over a rough basal bed or collides with sidewalls. This creates a pressure -the so-called dispersive pressurewhich acts to change the configuration of the granular mass and therefore the frictional relationship of the debris flow with the basal boundary. Normal pressures are no longer hydrostatic and pressure fluctuations are created in the fluid phase. In this paper we formulate relationships between internal shear work, free mechanical energy, dispersive pressure and configurational changes within a debris flow. We associate the potential energy of the debris flow configuration with dilatant kinematic motions and show why it is necessary to integrate the shear work over time to calculate boundary jerks which cannot be represented by closed-form, analytical pressure functions. The effect of the dispersive pressure is mediated by the presence of the viscous muddy fluid which consists of two types: a) the free fluid and b) the bonded fluid attached to the solid granular phase.

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Debris flow modeling: A review

Cited by 149 publications

References 48 publications

Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Numerical modelling of catastrophic events produced by mud or debris flows

Influence of rheology on debris-flow simulation

Dispersive Pressure, Boundary Jerk and Configurational Changes in Debris Flows

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