Debonding on command of adhesive joints for the automotive industry

Banea, M. D.; Silva, Lucas F. M. da; Carbas, R.J.C.

doi:10.1016/j.ijadhadh.2015.01.014

Cited by 81 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Unfortunately, these systems can introduce some damages in the bonded parts. Many methods and processes have been proposed that allow the dismantling of the adhesives without any damage, [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] but there is not an accepted method yet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron-based reversible adhesives: Effect of particles size on mechanical properties

Ciardiello

Martorana

Lambertini

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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A hot melt adhesive -mainly used for bonding plastic component in automotive field -was modified with different ironbased particles to give it a reversible behaviour. Mechanical and physical properties of these reversible adhesives were experimentally assessed in the work. The modified adhesives, coupled with electromagnetic induction, are able to guarantee separation of the joints without any damage to the substrates for recycling, reuse or repairing of components. Single lap joint specimens were prepared using epoxy/glass fibres substrates and tests were carried out on neat and modified adhesive with 5% weight of iron and iron oxide. Three different Fe particles size were tested: 450 mm, 60 mm and 1-6 mm. The particles size of iron oxide was 50 nm. Separation was studied using single lap joint specimens under electro-magnetic induction. Experimental results showed that the maximum peak load decreases when the average particles sizes increase. The peak loads of the smallest particles were equal to the ones of the pristine adhesive. The elongation of the adhesives increases when the adhesive is modified with both iron and iron oxide particles. Finally, experimental tests on single lap joints coupled with electro-magnetic induction showed that separation of the substrates is possible using iron oxide particles. Electro-magnetic tests conducted on particles alone, helped to understand that bigger particles are able to overcome the melting temperature of the adhesive but hot-melt adhesives modified with these particles are not able to reach the melting. These tests showed that the number of particles into the adhesive matrix is very important for this kind of tests.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iron-based reversible adhesives: Effect of particles size on mechanical properties

Ciardiello

Martorana

Lambertini

et al. 2017

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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“…Owing to this unique behaviour, TEPs are used by the industry in a wide variety of applications mainly for weight reduction and appearance improvement for thermoplastics, inks, and coatings [4], [5], [6], [7]. In adhesive bonding, TEPs have been used for recycling purposes [8][9][10][11][12]. Moreover, TEPs might be used to modify structural adhesives for other new purposes, such as: to increase the joint strength by creating an adhesive functionally modified along the overlap of the joint by gradual heating and/or to heal the adhesive in case of damage.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Adhesives Modified with Thermally Expandable Particles

Silva

Carbas

Campilho

2014

The Journal of Adhesion

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In this study, the behaviour of two structural adhesives modified with thermally expandable particles (TEPs) was investigated as a preliminary study for further investigations on the potential of TEPs in adhesive joints. Tensile bulk tests were performed to get the tensile properties of the adhesives and TEPs-modified adhesives. In order to determine the expansion temperature of the particles while encapsulated in these particular adhesive systems, the variation of the volume of adhesive samples modified with different TEPs concentration as a function of temperature was measured. Further, the possibility of any chemical interactions between TEPs and adhesives matrix in the TEPs-modified specimens was verified by a fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. Finally, the fracture surfaces of the unmodified and TEPs-modified specimens, as well as the dispersion and the morphology of the particles, were examined by a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. It was found that the stiffness of the TEPs-modified adhesives is not affected by incorporation of TEPs in the adhesives matrix, while the tensile yield strength decreased by increasing the wt% TEPs content. In applications of such particular materials (TEPs-modified adhesives), the temperature Downloaded by [University of Lethbridge] at 00:50 12 December 20142 should be controlled to stay between 90 ℃ and 120 ℃ in order to obtain the highest expansion ratio. At a lower temperature, not all the particles will expand, and above, the TEPs will deteriorate and as a result the TEPs-modified adhesives will deteriorate.

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“…A two-component epoxy adhesive Betamate TM 2098, supplied by Dow Automotive (Dow Europe GmbH, Horgen, Switzerland) was selected for this study. This adhesive is used in automotive industry being part of a new generation of crash durable adhesives which combine high level of strength and elongation, and was used by the authors in previous studies about debonding of adhesive joints [3,4]. Expancel 031 DU 40 particles supplied by Akzo Nobel Expancel Industries (Sundsvall, Sweden) were selected.…”

Section: Experimental Part Materialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The diffusion rate, D was calculated using eq. (3) when the equilibrium water uptake was obtained: (3) The bulk dogbone specimens were aged under the same environmental conditions used with the water sorption specimens (i.e. distilled water).…”

Section: Effect Of Temperature and Moisture On The Mechanical Propertmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several possibilities exist to debond adhesive joins in a controlled manner [1][2][3][4][5]. It has been already shown that with the right amount of TEPs, a bond can be dismantled rapidly with local heat [3][4][5]. However, one of the concerns associated to this technique is the effect of water on the adhesive properties as the particles can create a path for an increase of water diffusion.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Effect of Temperature and Moisture on the Tensile Properties of a TEPs-Modified Adhesive

Silva¹,

Carbas²,

Barros³

2018

Mat.Plast.

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The main factors that affect the strength of adhesive joints are the exposure to moist environments and high and/or low temperatures. The objective of this paper is to measure the water diffusion in adhesives modified with thermally expandable particles (TEPs) and assess the joint strength of water saturated modified adhesives. Bulk specimens were used to measure the diffusion coefficient of water in a TEPs-modified adhesive. The tensile data as a function of TEPs content, moisture uptake and temperature was measured. It was found that the presence of moisture and the temperature affect the mechanical properties of TEPs-modified adhesive. Further, a scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis was performed in order to examine the fracture surfaces of the tensile specimens tested as a function of temperature and water uptake. SEM analysis showed that the absorbed moisture and temperature change the fracture mechanisms and the morphology of the specimens.

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Debonding on command of adhesive joints for the automotive industry

Cited by 81 publications

References 20 publications

Iron-based reversible adhesives: Effect of particles size on mechanical properties

Iron-based reversible adhesives: Effect of particles size on mechanical properties

Structural Adhesives Modified with Thermally Expandable Particles

Effect of Temperature and Moisture on the Tensile Properties of a TEPs-Modified Adhesive

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