Deaths in captive eels (Anguila reinhardtii) due to Photobacterium (Vibrio) damsela

Pj, Ketterer; Le, Eaves

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1992.tb07528.x

Cited by 18 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Both the gram-negative bacteria isolated in the first case, P. (V.) damsela and V. alginolyticus, have been associated with ulcerative dermatitis, fasciitis, and cellulitis in fish and humans (2,15,17,20,25). The granulomatous inflammatory process prominent in these moray eels, however, is more consistent with infection by higher bacteria, such as Mycobacterium spp., or fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Granulomatous Skin Lesions in Moray Eels Caused by a NovelMycobacteriumSpecies Related toMycobacterium triplex

et al. 2001

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An outbreak of granulomatous dermatitis was investigated in a captive population of moray eels. The affected eels had florid skin nodules concentrated around the head and trunk. Histopathological examination revealed extensive granulomatous inflammation within the dermis and subcutaneous fascial plane between the fat and axial musculature. Acid-fast rods were detected within the smallest lesions, which were presumably the ones that had developed earliest. Eventually, after several months of incubation at room temperature, a very slowly growing acid-fast organism was isolated. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene identified it as a Mycobacterium species closely related (0.59% divergence) to M. triplex, an SAV mycobacterium. Intradermal inoculation of healthy green moray eels with this organism reliably reproduced the lesion. Experimentally induced granulomatous dermatitis appeared within 2 weeks of inoculation and slowly but progressively expanded during the 2 months of the experiment. Live organisms were recovered from these lesions at all time points, fulfilling Koch's postulates for this bacterium. In a retrospective study of tissues collected between 1993 and 1999 from five spontaneous disease cases, acid-fast rods were consistently found within lesions, and a nested PCR for the rRNA gene also demonstrated the presence of mycobacteria within affected tissues.Cases of proliferative skin disease have occurred sporadically and persistently within captive exhibit populations of moray eels across the country (Ray Davis, personal communication). Typically, affected eels have florid, soft, gelatinous grey-and tan-colored masses at various locations on the body surface and within the oral and nasal cavities. In this study, a disease outbreak that has been ongoing in an exhibit since it opened in 1992 was investigated. The exhibit consists of a 226,000-gallon synthetic seawater habitat with fiberglass-reinforced concrete and plastic (urethane) structural elements designed to reproduce a coral reef habitat. The exhibit initially contained approximately 500 green moray (Gymnothorax funebris) and spotted moray (Gymnothorax moringa) eels. Cases were first observed during the collection and quarantine of wild moray eels caught near the Florida Keys, from October 1991 through June 1992, prior to the exhibit's opening. No animals with detectable lesions were collected, nor were any put on display. Even so, clinical cases began to develop in the exhibit shortly after opening. This paper summarizes histopathologic and microbiologic data from a series of cases and reports the association of acid-fast bacteria with ulcerative granulomatous dermatitis, the isolation of a novel Mycobacterium species, and the fulfillment of Koch's postulates for this organism. MATERIALS AND METHODS Source of animals.Captive specimens were obtained from among eels housed in the exhibit under study. Two green moray eels were selected for complete necropsy and diagnostic evaluation because they had several small (diameter, Ͻ10 mm) lesions. These small lesi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Granulomatous Skin Lesions in Moray Eels Caused by a NovelMycobacteriumSpecies Related toMycobacterium triplex

et al. 2001

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“…). Subsequently, diseases caused by this pathogen have been reported in several cultivable fish species like seabream (Vera, Navas & Fouz ), eel (Ketterer & Eaves ), turbot (Fouz et al . ), ovate pompano (Zhao et al .…”

Section: Biochemical and Phenotypic Characteristics Of P Damselae Sumentioning

confidence: 99%

First report of isolation and characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from cage‐farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

Sharma

Pradeep²,

Sadu

et al. 2016

Journal of Fish Diseases

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“…), as well as of fish species of economical importance in aquaculture, causing wound infections and hemorrhagic septicemia. Cultivated species reported to be affected by this pathogen include turbot ( Psetta maxima ; Fouz et al, 1992), rainbow trout ( Oncorhynchus mykiss ; Pedersen et al, 2009), ovate pompano ( Trachinotus ovatus ; Zhao et al, 2009), eel ( Anguilla reinhardtii ; Ketterer and Eaves, 1992), sea bream ( Sparus aurata ; Vera et al, 1991), sea bass ( Dicentrarchus labrax ), yellowtail ( Seriola quinqueradiata ), redbanded seabream ( Pagrus auriga ), white seabream ( Diplodus sargus ), and meagre ( Argyrosomus regius ; Labella et al, 2006, 2010a, b), among others. The recent first reports on isolation of this pathogen from diseased marine fish of new cultured species, suggest that Photobacterium damselae subsp.…”

Section: Photobacterium Damselae Subsp Damselaementioning

confidence: 99%

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, a bacterium pathogenic for marine animals and humans

Rivas¹,

Lemos²,

Osorio³

2013

Front. Microbiol.

182

103

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Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae (formerly Vibrio damsela) is a pathogen of a variety of marine animals including fish, crustaceans, molluscs, and cetaceans. In humans, it can cause opportunistic infections that may evolve into necrotizing fasciitis with fatal outcome. Although the genetic basis of virulence in this bacterium is not completely elucidated, recent findings demonstrate that the phospholipase-D Dly (damselysin) and the pore-forming toxins HlyApl and HlyAch play a main role in virulence for homeotherms and poikilotherms. The acquisition of the virulence plasmid pPHDD1 that encodes Dly and HlyApl has likely constituted a main driving force in the evolution of a highly hemolytic lineage within the subspecies. Interestingly, strains that naturally lack pPHDD1 show a strong pathogenic potential for a variety of fish species, indicating the existence of yet uncharacterized virulence factors. Future and deep analysis of the complete genome sequence of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae will surely provide a clearer picture of the virulence factors employed by this bacterium to cause disease in such a varied range of hosts.

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Deaths in captive eels (Anguila reinhardtii) due to Photobacterium (Vibrio) damsela

Cited by 18 publications

References 13 publications

Granulomatous Skin Lesions in Moray Eels Caused by a NovelMycobacteriumSpecies Related toMycobacterium triplex

Granulomatous Skin Lesions in Moray Eels Caused by a NovelMycobacteriumSpecies Related toMycobacterium triplex

First report of isolation and characterization of Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae from cage‐farmed cobia (Rachycentron canadum)

Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae, a bacterium pathogenic for marine animals and humans

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