"Dear Mother of My Soul" Fidelia Fiske and the Role of Women Missionaries in Mid-Nineteenth Century Iran

Gender, religion and change in the Middle East: two hundred years of history

“…) and Mary Whately's "ragged schools" in Egypt of 1861 (Whately 1863a(Whately , 1863bCale 1984). In these years, other Protestant organizations also began work in the Middle East, such as the American Presbyterians in Egypt (Watson 1898;Richter 1970: 345-8), the Scottish Presbyterians in Palestine (Marten 2002), the Free Church of Scotland in Syria (Tibawi 1966: 155;Richter 1970: 205), the Society of Friends in Palestine (Richter 1910: 257) and the Lutherans and Anglicans in Urmia, Persia (Coakley 1992;Murre-van den Berg 1999;Joseph 2000). In 1870, the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions took over ABCFM work in Syria and Persia (Brown 1936), and the Dutch started mission in work in Egypt (Vlieger 1892).…”

“…On Protestant "geopiety" in the nineteenth century, see Melman (1992) and Vogel (1993). On the characteristics of Middle Eastern missions in general, see Murre-van den Berg (2005). 3.…”