Dealing with domestic animals in the fifth millennium cal BC Dutch wetlands:

Çakırlar, Canan; Breider, Rianne; Koolstra, Francis; Cohen, K.M.; Raemaekers, D.C.M.

doi:10.2307/j.ctv13gvh1g.17

Cited by 11 publications

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“…Some initial radiocarbon dates 25 indicated that these domesticated animals date back to ca. 4300 cal BC at the earliest, aligning the Scheldt basin with the chronology of the Netherlands 11 . However, further dating on newly discovered bones from the same site provided much older results as well as isotope information, which will be discussed here in the context of the Neolithization of the NW European lowland plain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The second model, on the other hand, considers a rapid introduction of domesticates near the end of the 5th millennium cal BC, more precisely around ca. 4300 cal BC in the Netherlands 10 , 11 and ca. 4100/4000 cal BC in the UK 12 , northern Germany 13 , 14 and southern Scandinavia 15 – 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, most of these finds have been strongly questioned by the adherents of the second model using genetic 21 , stratigraphic and/or dating evidence 10 – 12 , 14 , 17 . Nonetheless, there are a few confirmed finds, such as pig remains with clear genetic connections to the Near East from the Ertebølle sites of Rosenhof and Poel dated 4720–4582 cal BC 22 as well as a sheep/goat bone from Hardinxveld recently radiocarbon dated to 4520–4356 cal BC 11 . Yet, there is still debate about the nature and meaning of these first domesticates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…sheep/goats and pigs from the Dutch Swifterbant sites of Hardinxveld "De Bruin", Brandwijk and Schokland 8,9 , interpreted as proof of small-scale introduction of domesticates from at least 4700-4450 cal BC onwards (for a complete list of finds see 12 ). However, most of these finds have been strongly questioned by the adherents of the second model using genetic 21 , stratigraphic and/or dating evidence [10][11][12]14,17 . Nonetheless, there are a few confirmed finds, such as pig remains with clear genetic connections to the Near East from the Ertebølle sites of Rosenhof and Poel dated 4720-4582 cal BC 22 as well as a sheep/goat bone from Hardinxveld recently radiocarbon dated to 4520-4356 cal BC 11 .…”

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confidence: 99%

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New evidence on the earliest domesticated animals and possible small-scale husbandry in Atlantic NW Europe

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Aluwé

Boudin

et al. 2020

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The distribution of the first domesticated animals and crops along the coastal area of Atlantic NW Europe, which triggered the transition from a hunter-gatherer-fisher to a farmer-herder economy, has been debated for many decades among archaeologists. While some advocate a gradual transition in which indigenous hunter-gatherers from the very beginning of the 5th millennium cal BC progressively adopted Neolithic commodities, others are more in favor of a rapid transition near the end of the 5th millennium caused by a further northwest migration of farmers-herders colonizing the lowlands. Here, radiocarbon dated bones from sheep/goat and possibly also cattle are presented which provide the first hard evidence of an early introduction of domesticated animals within a hunter-gatherer context in NW Belgium, situated ca. 80 km north of the agro-pastoral frontier. Based on their isotope signal it is suggested that these first domesticates were probably not merely obtained through exchange with contemporaneous farmers but were kept locally, providing evidence of small-scale local stockbreeding in the lowlands maybe as early as ca. 4800/4600 cal BC. If confirmed by future in-depth isotope analyses, the latter testifies of intense contact and transmission of knowledge in this early contact period, which is also visible in the material culture, such as the lithic and pottery technology. It also implies direct and prolonged involvement of farmer-herders, either through visiting specialists or intermarriage, which follows recent genetic evidence demonstrating much more hunter-gatherer ancestry in early farmer’s genes in western Europe compared to central and SE Europe.

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confidence: 64%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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New evidence on the earliest domesticated animals and possible small-scale husbandry in Atlantic NW Europe

Crombé

Aluwé

Boudin

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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“…In some parts of Europe, such as the Rhine-Meuse Delta in the Netherlands, the significance of cattle husbandry in the Neolithic has not been thoroughly explored [ 22 ]. Debates about the onset of the Neolithic in the Dutch Delta, specifically how and when animal husbandry began, continue to be inconclusive due to fragmentary zooarchaeological data, small sample sizes, and scarce ancient DNA (aDNA) and stable isotope analysis [ 23 ]. The available stable isotope data indicate a freshwater-based diet for the inland Mesolithic population from the sites of Hardinxveld-Giessendam-Polderweg (5450–5050 BC) and Hardinxveld-Giessendam-De Bruin (5250–4500 BC) located in the Rhine-Meuse Delta [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specialized cattle farming in the Neolithic Rhine-Meuse Delta: Results from zooarchaeological and stable isotope (δ18O, δ13C, δ15N) analyses

Kamjan¹,

Gillis

Çakırlar³

et al. 2020

PLoS ONE

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Schipluiden (3630-3380 cal BC), the earliest known year-round settlement in the Rhine-Meuse Delta in the Netherlands, is a key site for addressing the nature of Neolithic subsistence in the wetlands of northwestern Europe. A preliminary zooarchaeological study suggested that cattle husbandry was a major activity at Schipluiden. In contrast, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of human remains from the site indicated a marine-oriented diet, implying that the Mesolithic-Neolithic dietary transition continued well into the mid-4 th Millennium BC in this region. Here, we re-investigate the role and nature of cattle husbandry at Neolithic Schipluiden using mortality profiles and stable isotope analysis (δ 18 O, δ 13 C, δ 15 N) of animal bone collagen and tooth enamel. The age-at-death analysis suggests that cattle were managed for both meat and milk production. The δ 18 O and δ 13 C analysis of tooth enamel provide evidence that calving spread over five-and-a-half-months, which would have led to a longer availability of milk throughout the year. Cattle were grazing in open, marshy environments near the site and winter foddering was practiced occasionally. The faunal isotopic data also reveal that the high 15 N in human bone collagen is more likely to signal the consumption of products from cattle that grazed on 15 N-enriched salt marsh plants around the site, rather than a marine-oriented diet. This undermines the previous interpretation of the dietary practices at Schipluiden by showing that human diet in mid-4 th millennium BC Rhine-Meuse area was fully "Neolithic", based primarily on products from domesticates, especially cattle, with some input from wild terrestrial and aquatic resources available in their surroundings, contrary to what has been proposed before. Collating these results demonstrates a high level of investment in cattle husbandry, highlighting the social and economic importance of cattle at the lower Rhine-Meuse Delta during the 4 th millennium BC.

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Lipid residue analysis on Swifterbant pottery (c. 5000–3800 cal BC) in the Lower Rhine-Meuse area (the Netherlands) and its implications for human-animal interactions in relation to the Neolithisation process

Demirci

Lucquin

Çakırlar³

et al. 2021

Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports

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Dealing with domestic animals in the fifth millennium cal BC Dutch wetlands:

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

New evidence on the earliest domesticated animals and possible small-scale husbandry in Atlantic NW Europe

New evidence on the earliest domesticated animals and possible small-scale husbandry in Atlantic NW Europe

Specialized cattle farming in the Neolithic Rhine-Meuse Delta: Results from zooarchaeological and stable isotope (δ18O, δ13C, δ15N) analyses

Lipid residue analysis on Swifterbant pottery (c. 5000–3800 cal BC) in the Lower Rhine-Meuse area (the Netherlands) and its implications for human-animal interactions in relation to the Neolithisation process

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