“…Indeed, cognitive conflicts encountered while interacting with peers with different perspectives can trigger students to articulate conflicting ideas, to seek more information, to explain and justify their ideas, and to negotiate possible solutions (Aarnio, Lindblom-Ylanne, Nieminen, & Pyorala, 2013;de Grave, Schmidt, & Boshuizen, 2001;Hmelo-Silver & Barrows, 2008;Nieminen, Sauri, & Lonka, 2006). On the other hand, a collectivistic culture needs to be cultivated in a way that students, as members of a group, will take responsibility for maintaining an effective group process for negotiated goals, mutual rewards, and shared resources (Azer, 2005;Barrows & Tamblyn, 1980;Johnson et al, 2007).…”